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A Brief History of Solid State Physics SHI Feng , HAN Xiu-jun , ZHANG Ling-cui , XU Yue , ZHANG Chuan-jiang Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (4): 170-187.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.04.002 Abstract （1922）      PDF （446KB）（3617）       The study of many-body problems in solid-state physics is an important branch of physics, covering a wide range of areas, and it is also the basis of many technical disciplines including materials science. This article discusses the brief history of the development of solid state physics, including the initial development history, the study of thermal properties, Weidmann-Franz law, the study history of the microscopic geometric structure of crystals, the free electron gas model, the energy band theory of solids, and the The research of solid magnetism, the information age, the development of solid state physics in China, and the teaching materials of solid state physics, etc., briefly describe the major events in the development of solid state physics, and the influential scientists and their contributions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spin Hall Effect of Light and Its Applications in Measurements of Physical Parameters LIU Shuo-qing , CHEN Shi-zhen , LUO Hai-lu Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (2): 35-53.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.02.001 Abstract （1438）      PDF （8674KB）（1998）       The spin Hall effect (SHE) of light refers to the transverse spin-dependent splitting of photons with opposite spin angular momentum after the beam passes through inhomogeneous media, in the direction perpendicular to the incident plane. It can be regarded as an analogue of the SHE in electronic systems, where the spin photons and the refractive index gradient replace the spin electrons and the electronic potential, respectively. Fundamentally, the SHE of light originates from the spin-orbit interaction of photons and depends mainly on two different geometric phases, namely, the spin redirection Rytov-Vlasimirskii-Berry phase in the momentum space and the Pancharatnam-Berry phase in the Stokes parameter space. Meanwhile, the SHE of light exhibits great sensitivity to the physical parameters, and combined with quantum weak measurements, has important application prospects in fields of physical parameters measurement and optical sensing. We briefly analyze the physical origin of the SHE of light, review its recent progress in different physical systems, and present its applications in measurements of physical parameters. Finally, the possible developing trends in optical analog computing, microscopy imaging, and quantum imaging are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Proximity effect in topological insulator/superconductor heterostructure He Jia-Dian, Ding Yi-Fan, Teng Bo-Lun, Dong Peng, Li Yi-Fei, Zhang Yi-Wen, Wu Yue-Shen, Wang Jing-Hui, Zhou Xiang, Wang Zhi, Li Jun Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (3): 113-135.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.03.001 Abstract （1508）      PDF （9251KB）（1846）       Topological superconductors have attracted increasing attentions for the purpose of the quantum computation, because the character of supporting topological qubits are immune to quantum decoherence and can be manipulated by braiding operation. Since the topological superconducting state is rather rare in the intrinsic topological superconductors, most of experimental efforts focus on inducing topological superconductors by the proximity effect in superconductor (SC)/topological insulator (TI) heterostructures. Fu and Kane have theoretically proposed that the topological superconductivity can be obtained by inducing an s-wave superconducting gap into TIs. After that, a lot of experimental progress has been made in different systems. In the first part of this review, we introduce the heterostructure of threedimensional (3D) TI Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 on s-wave SC NbSe2 and d-wave SC Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, topological crystalline insulator Sn1−xPbxTe on Pb, two-dimensional (2D) TI WTe2 on NbSe2, and TiBiSe2 on Pb. In the second part, the TI-based Josephson junctions are reviewed by introducing various experiments, including the Josephson junctions with TI barrier layers based on the Fu-Kane mode, and the superconducting quantum interference devices by TI based Josephson junctions. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review on Band Unfolding Technique and Its Applications CHEN Jia-xin, CHEN Ming-xing Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (2): 25-40.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.02.001 Abstract （1342）      PDF （58451KB）（1515）       First-principles methods based on the density-functional theory have been widely applied to investigate structures and properties of materials and further to design new functional materials. The supercell method is usually used for the modeling of doped systems and interfaces. Unfortunately, the use of supercells leads to band foldings. As a result, the nature of electronic bands may be hidden, which brings difficulties in understanding the effects of doping and interfacing on the band structure of materials. This review provides recent advances in band unfolding technique within the plane-wave method and the linear combination of atomic orbitals. It also gives unfolding of phononic bands and lists a number of codes for band unfolding calculations. Finally, it presents a few applications of the technique and an outlook on further research options. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hydrogen-Based Superconductors under High Pressures DU Ming-yang, ZHANG Zi-han, DUAN De-fang, CUI Tian Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (5): 184-192.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.05.002 Abstract （567）      PDF （3042KB）（1417）       Achieving room temperature superconductivity has always been the dream of mankind pursuing for a long time. Finding and synthesizing new materials with room temperature superconductivity is the ”Holy Grail” of condensed matter physics. Since the theoretical and experimental discovery of H3S and LaH10 with high superconducting critical temperature above 200 K, the hydrogen-based superconductors became the best candidate for achieving room temperature superconductivity, which is also one of the hot areas of multi-disciplinary research in physics, materials science etc. In this work, we outline the development history of superconductors, introduce several typical superconducting materials, focus on the current progress and challenges of hydrogen based superconductors under high pressures, discuss the design ideas of hydrogen based high-temperature superconductors in the middle and low pressure range, and look forward to the possibility of hydrogen-based superconductors with high critical temperature and even room temperature under low pressure or ambient pressure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gauge Field and Fiber Bundle：Its Contents, Methods, and Meanings  ZHAO Song-nian , LU Bo, CHEN Ken, HUANG Xu Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (1): 10-24.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.01.002 Abstract （872）      PDF （708KB）（1236）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Status of Topological Superfluid in Ultracold Atoms FENG Jian, ZHANG Wei-wei, LIN Liang-wei, CAI Qi-peng, ZHANG Yi-cai, LIU Chao-fei Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (3): 67-95.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.03.001 Abstract （443）      PDF （1246KB）（1195）       The topological superfluid state is protected by the energy gap in the bulk, but it can accommodate the gapless Majorana fermions at the edge of the system. The Majorana fermions satisfy non-Abelian statistics and are protected by topology and have good stability, they can carry quantized information and can be used in the study of topological quantum computing. In recent years, theoretical work has predicted the possible topological superfluid states in various systems. Firstly, we introduce the topological superfluid in various optical lattice models. The ultracold atoms of optical lattice have good controllability and universality. It is an ideal model system to realize topological superfluid. Next, we introduce the topological superfluid under the control of spin orbit coupling. The spin orbit coupling effect is an important condition to induce the topological phase, and the artificial spin orbit coupling has been realized in the experiment. Which makes a breakthrough for the experimental observation of topological superfluid. With the improvement of experimental technology in recent years, the topological FFLO superfluid phase, which was difficult to observe in the experiment and ignored by people, has also become a research hotspot. Therefore, we next introduce the topological FFLO superfluid. In addition, we also introduce the progress in other aspects of topological superfluid, including topological superfluid induced by soliton, three-component topological superfluid, topological superfluid with large Chern number, and the high critical temperature of topological superfluid. In the experiment, how to detect and implement topological superfluid is the purpose and significance of our research. Therefore, we introduce the identification and implementation of topological superfluid at the end of the article. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (4): 188-197.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.04.003 Abstract （454）      PDF （4466KB）（1060）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Photocurrent Mapping of Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cell ZHAO Xiao-xia, TIAN Wen-ming, SUN Zhong-gao, JIN Sheng-ye Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (2): 54-60.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.02.002 Abstract （589）      PDF （751KB）（1029）       Developing an interplay between the local morphological character, optoelectronic properties and its local photovoltaic parameters in a perovskite thin film is essential for guiding the construction of highly-efficient perovskite solar cells (PSC). In this work, by using a laserscanned and time-resolved confocal microscopy coupled with a picoammeter detection module, we realize in-situ photoluminescence (PL) intensity, PL lifetime, and photocurrent mappings in a two-dimensional (2D) PSC. A significant negative correlation is found between photocurrent and PL intensity and PL lifetime imaging within grains of the perovskite polycrystalline film. We establish the correlation between local photovoltaic parameters, optoelectronic properties, and morphology character, which provides theoretical guidance for the optimization of PSC performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (5): 221-229.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.05.003 Abstract （382）      PDF （6185KB）（986）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Probing the Electronic Structure and Dimensionality Tuning of Ce-Based Heavy Fermion Materials WU Yi , LI Peng , WU Zhong-zheng , FANG Yuan , LIU Yang Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (3): 96-120.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.03.002 Abstract （432）      PDF （2002KB）（951）       Heavy fermion compound is a classical type of correlated materials, encompassing unconventional superconductivity, strange metal, quantum criticality, magnetic order, heavy electronic states, correlated topological states, etc, in which 4f electrons play a critical role. With the advancement of high-resolution ARPES measurements and MBE thin film growth techniques, direct observation of the band dispersion and spectral weight of 4f electrons in momentum/energy space has become possible, providing spectroscopic insight for understanding correlated electronic states and novel quantum phenomena. In this review paper, we summarized the electronic studies of several typical heavy fermion compounds and thin films, including Ce-115 families, CuCu2Si2, CeRh6Ge4 and Ce films, etc. The experimental results provide direct evidence to understand the temperature evolution of heavy electronic states, energy/moment-dependent Kondo hybridization, the interplay of heavy electronic state with superconductivity, the competition between Kondo effect with other quantum states and the dimensionality tuning of 4f electrons. Related Articles | Metrics

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Historic Origin of Quantum Entanglement in Particle Physics SHI Yu Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (3): 57-67.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.03.001 Abstract （748）      PDF （1284KB）（910）       The historic origin of quantum entanglement in particle physics is studied systematically and in depth. In 1957, Bohm and Aharonov noted that the 1950 Wu-Shaknov experiment had realized the discrete version of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation. Indeed this experiment was definitely the first experimental realization of spatially separated quantum entanglement in history. Such an experiment had been proposed by Wheeler, as a test of quantum electrodynamics, but his calculation was erroneous. The correct theoretical calculations were made by Ward and Pryce and also by Snyder, Pasternack and Hornbostel. The entangled state of the photons also satisfies the selection rule of C. N. Yang in 1949. After the publication of Bell inequality in 1964, discussions on whether Wu-Shaknov experiment can be exploited in testing the inequality inspired the progress of this field, and a new experiment was done by Wu’s group. In 1957, Lee, Oehme and Yang established the quantum mechanical formulation of the kaons, and discovered that neutral kaon is a two-state system. The following year，Goldhaber, Lee and Yang wrote down entangled states of a pair of kaons for the first time, in which each kaon is allowed to be charged or neutral, as the entanglement in internal degrees of high energy particles beyond photons written down for the first time. In 1960, as an unpublished work, Lee and Yang discussed an entangled state of a pair of neutral kaons. Such entangled kaons widely exist in meson factories later on. Several physicist are also introduced, especially Ward. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the Synthesis of Super Heavy Nuclei Based on Dinuclear System WANG Yi-peng, GUO Shu-qing, BAO Xiao-jun, DENG Jun-gang, ZHANG Hong-fei Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (4): 157-169.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.04.001 Abstract （495）      PDF （1138KB）（868）       This review firstly introduces two low energy heavy ion reaction mechanisms. Then, based on these theories, we have developed a dinuclear system model describing the synthesis of super heavy nuclear. Different from Adamian’s calculation method, we solve the master equation numerically to describe the heavy ion fusion mechanism. This review chooses 1D to 3D different macroscopic degrees of freedom to illustrate the fusion of heavy ions, focusing on the development and evolution of the master equation during the fusion process, and providing a theoretical basis for further development of models and predictions of new nuclides in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cell Tissue Simulations Based on Active Network Models LI Zhu-qin, LEI Qun-li, MA Yu-qiang Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (2): 41-55.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.02.002 Abstract （385）      PDF （9233KB）（853）       In the last decade, motivated by advances in cell biology, theoretical studies of the cell tissue as active matter have emerged as a new area in soft matter physics. This article reviews recent theoretical progresses based on the active network (AN) model of cell tissue. In the mesoscopic scale, the non-equilibrium dynamics of cell tissue is mainly driven by the self-propulsion of cells and non-propulsion activities, like active contractility or cellular tension/volume oscillation. AN models of self-propelled cells can reproduce complex dynamics of cell tissue in vivio, such as activity/adhesion driven solid-liquid transition, flocking and active turbulence. The AN model incorporating cellular tension fluctuation can also simulate the cell volume oscillation waves in embryo of Drosophila, and predict the fluctuation-driven solid-liquid transition of cell tissue. The structural phase transition and density fluctuation of cell tissue were also studied by using AN models, which deepens our understanding of this unique non-equilibrium soft matter system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantum Radar Schemes with Enhanced Accuracy and Its Progress LI Yong-qiang , REN Chang-liang Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (2): 61-65.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.02.003 Abstract （545）      PDF （199KB）（823）       As a matter of great concern, positioning tasks can be realized with the help of quantum technologies, and these quantum schemes exhibit advantages that are impossible in classical schemes. Several quantum radar schemes have been proposed, which give new insights for positioning tasks from the perspective of quantum information. This paper reviewed those proposed quantum radar schemes according to the basic concepts and classification Especially, three typical quantum schemes, quantum positioning, quantum illumination, and three-dimensional enhanced quantum radar, were introduced in principle, and analyzed their imperative problems. Related Articles | Metrics

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WANG Xue-li, PAN Hai-feng, CHEN Jin-quan Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (5): 199-208.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.05.001 Abstract （371）      PDF （3667KB）（747）       Epigenetic modification of nucleic acid plays a vital role in realizing the epigenetic functions in living organisms. It can participate the regulation of cell differentiation, gene expression and other important physiological processes. However, epigenetic modification may undermine the photostability of nucleic acid, which may turn the corresponding nucleobases into important mutation sites for diseases such as skin cancer. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effect of epigenetic modification on the photophysical and photochemical properties of nucleobases. In this paper, we reviewed recent research progress on the excited state dynamics of a series of epigenetic modified nucleobases. With the help of femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy and high level quantum chemistry calculations, we demonstrated that the effect of epigenetic modification on the excited state properties of nucleobases are mainly in three aspects: significantly increasing the lifetime of the bright ππ∗1 states, introducing intramolecular charge transfer states and effectively promoting intersystem crossing from singlet to triplet states. Related Articles | Metrics

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Types and Properties of Copper-Oxide Superconductors with Critical Temperatures Above 110 K TONG Shu-yun, CAI Chuan-bing Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (3): 68-83.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.03.002 Abstract （1011）      PDF （4571KB）（734）       Oxide superconductor is one of the most important forms of unconventional superconductors, in which the transition temperatures of thallium series, mercury series and copper-carbon series superconductors can reach 110 K or above. High superconducting transition temperature and irreversible magnetic field in liquid nitrogen temperature region have attracted much attention. Obviously, the high superconducting critical temperature increases the choice of cooling medium for superconducting applications. Economical and practical coolants are expected to expand the application fields of these high superconducting transition temperature (Tc ) superconductors and increase the feasibility of long-term operation. In this paper, the development and superconducting properties of 110 K superconducting materials including thallium, mercury and copper-carbon superconductors are introduced and summarized, and the factors affecting the superconducting transition temperature are analyzed theoretically to qualitatively explain the reasons for the high Tc  of high temperature superconductors. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the differences of their irreversible fields, and the possible new applications of these high critical temperature superconductors are prospected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Environmental Stability of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ZHOU Zhen-jia , XU Jie , GAO Li-bo Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (4): 97-116.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.04.001 Abstract （396）      PDF （837KB）（698）       Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with a unique unity of favorable electronic and mechanical properties have been developed for fundamental studies and applications in electronics, spintronics, optoelectronics, energy harvesting and catalysis. However, as they are unstable under harsh conditions, and prone to degradation in the ambient environment, most TMDCs applications are limited. In this review, we analyze the recent advances in the research of environmental stability in TMDCs, covering the latest growth methods, the fundamental mechanisms for stability and kinds of routes to protect 2D TMDCs materials from aging and deterioration. By analyzing key factors that affect TMDCs stability from the growth process, we present a short review of optimizing growth methods for improving the stability of TMDCs. Finally, by providing insights into existing factors, this review is expected to guide the growth of stable TMDCs, which could lead to a new potential approach to growing advanced materials and designing more unexplored heterostructures.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Single-Mode Regulation Methods for Whispering Gallery Mode Microcavities LIU Shuo, WANG Yu-chen, WANG Xiu-hua, HOU Rui Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (4): 117-130.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.04.002 Abstract （348）      PDF （483KB）（688）       Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities have attracted wide attention due to their small mode volume, ultra-high Q value, and low threshold. However, in rotationally symmetric WGM microcavities, multiple longitudinal mode laser radiation can be generated, and the directionality of the radiation is poor, which limits its practical applications. Finding effective methods to achieve single-mode radiation of WGM lasers is a key issue for microcavity lasers to move toward practical applications. This review focuses on several methods of single-mode modulation of WGM lasing in recent years, including reducing cavity size, adding mode selection structure, based on the vernier effect, parity-time symmetry breaking, deformed microcavity, etc. This review aims to provide a reference for researchers in related fields and deepen their understanding of the physical mechanism of single-mode modulation of WGM lasing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Second-Order Nonlinear Optics in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides WU Hui , QIN Chun-bo , ZHANG Chun-feng , Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (3): 84-95.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.03.003 Abstract （505）      PDF （5051KB）（669）       Second-order nonlinear optics is a crucial technique for light frequency conversion with broad applications in scientific research and technological advancements. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit extraordinarily high second-order nonlinear susceptibilities, indicating their significant potential for efficient nonlinear optical response. Maintain the giant nonlinear coefficient of monolayer, expand material thickness and frequency response region, and improve nonlinear response is an important challenge. This paper presents an overview of the regulation of second-order nonlinear optical effects based on monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. We discuss the frequency dependence of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, as well as multi-layer stacking of different symmetric phases. Additionally, we summarize the potential applications of their nonlinear optical effects.  Related Articles | Metrics