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Potential mechanisms of comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder YU Chen, ZHANG Xiaopeng, WANG Wei Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (6): 261-280.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.06.001 Abstract （1000）      PDF （817KB）（4161）       Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit a high rate of comorbidity. This paper systematically reviews existing studies at different levels to summarize the common pathological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of ASD and ADHD. Specifically: (1) Both diseases exhibit abnormal synaptic pruning, leading to a further aggravation of abnormal brain structure in patients with the comorbidity; (2) Dysfunction of the default mode network and executive control network constitutes important neurobiological evidence for the comorbidity of the two disorders; (3) The abnormal signaling pathways implicated in ASD and ADHD mainly involve the dopamine, Wnt, GABA, mTOR, and inflammation-related pathways, all of which are closely associated with the stability of synapse numbers; (4) Abnormal synaptic pruning leads to excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance, which may provide the physiological basis for abnormal functional connectivity of brain networks and altered cortical thickness and volume in higher cognitive regions such as the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, by computational neural network modeling and molecular network modeling, it is expected to advance the understanding of the co-morbidity mechanism of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this review, we elucidate the pathological mechanism of comorbidity in two typical diseases related to neurodevelopmental disorders from different perspectives, and may provide a theoretical basis for early intervention and precise treatment in comorbid patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2016, 36 (3): 65-99.   Abstract （1365）      PDF （14455KB）（4399）       Related Articles | Metrics

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A Brief History of Solid State Physics SHI Feng , HAN Xiu-jun , ZHANG Ling-cui , XU Yue , ZHANG Chuan-jiang Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (4): 170-187.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.04.002 Abstract （4095）      PDF （446KB）（21466）       The study of many-body problems in solid-state physics is an important branch of physics, covering a wide range of areas, and it is also the basis of many technical disciplines including materials science. This article discusses the brief history of the development of solid state physics, including the initial development history, the study of thermal properties, Weidmann-Franz law, the study history of the microscopic geometric structure of crystals, the free electron gas model, the energy band theory of solids, and the The research of solid magnetism, the information age, the development of solid state physics in China, and the teaching materials of solid state physics, etc., briefly describe the major events in the development of solid state physics, and the influential scientists and their contributions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tuning the Thermal Conductivity of Polymer: A Recent Progress Report Progress in Physics    2018, 38 (2): 69-81.   Abstract （1131）      PDF （1047KB）（23649）       Polymer-based thermal interface materials play an important role in the heat removal and thermal management of high-density integrated circuits. Here, we introduce the theoretical and experi- mental progress of the thermal conductivity of polymers. Main foci are given to enhancement of thermal conductivity in polymers, including stretched polymer and polymer-based nanocompos- ites. Bottlenecks and challenges in this eld are also comprehensive discussed in this review. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Preparation and Performance Optimization of 3D/2D Halide Perovskite Heterojunction HE Shengrong , XING Jun , YAO Xiaolong , MA Xiaoman , LI Peng Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (4): 169-194.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.04.002 Abstract （1250）      PDF （8487KB）（4240）       Halide perovskite materials have emerged as a research hotspot in new energy technologies due to their remarkable advantages in photoelectric conversion efficiency, while three-dimensional (3D)/two-dimensional (2D) perovskite heterojunctions have attracted particular attention owing to their unique band structures and flexible regulation capabilities for carrier behavior. This review focuses on the controllable preparation and performance optimization of 3D/2D halide perovskite heterojunctions. It first summarizes the concept, advantages, and conventional preparation methods of 3D/2D perovskite heterojunctions, including solid-liquid post-spin-coating methods, solid-gas vapor deposition approaches, and solidsolid reaction techniques. Subsequently, effective strategies for enhancing the performance of 3D/2D perovskite heterojunctions through interface engineering, material engineering, and device structure optimization are systematically explored. The review then comprehensively summarizes and evaluates recent research progress in the application of 3D/2D heterojunctions in solar cells and photodetectors. Finally, current challenges regarding the stability and environmental adaptability of 3D/2D perovskite heterojunctions are discussed, along with systematic perspectives on future development trends in this research field. This work aims to provide feasible ideas and optimization schemes for realizing the widespread application of 3D/2D perovskite heterojunctions in photoelectric fields. Related Articles | Metrics

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Antiferroelectric thin film materials: research status and application prospects  MA Xingjian , HUANG Xinmiao , LI Weiwei Progress in Physics    2026, 46 (4): 174-201.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2026.04.002 Abstract （190）      PDF （7541KB）（288）       Research on antiferroelectric materials has spanned more than seventy years, and their unique field-induced phase transition behavior has demonstrated significant application value in dielectric energy storage devices, novel information devices, and thermal management components. With advancements in thin-film growth techniques and the growing demand for miniaturization and integration of electronic devices, antiferroelectric thin films have attracted increasing attention. Numerous studies have shown that transitioning from bulk to thin-film forms, antiferroelectric materials exhibit novel physical properties distinct from their bulk counterparts, while also facing challenges such as the weakening or even disappearance of antiferroelectricity below a critical thickness due to size effects. In this context, this article systematically reviews the development history of antiferroelectric materials, from the physical origin of antiferroelectricity, the structural and phase transition characteristics of typical material systems (including perovskite-structured PbZrO3, PbHfO3, NaNbO3, AgNbO3, and fluorite-structured HfxZr1−xO2), to their diverse functional device applications such as energy storage capacitors, antiferroelectric random access memory, antiferroelectric field-effect transistors, antiferroelectric tunnel junctions, and electrocaloric effects. We hope to attract more researchers to pay attention to the development of antiferroelectric thin films, to deeply explore their yet-to-be-fully-revealed microscopic mechanisms, and to jointly promote continuous breakthroughs in new materials, new devices, and new applications of antiferroelectric thin films.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Gauge Field and Fiber Bundle：Its Contents, Methods, and Meanings  ZHAO Song-nian , LU Bo, CHEN Ken, HUANG Xu Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (1): 10-24.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.01.002 Abstract （4291）      PDF （708KB）（7820）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2017, 37 (2): 41-74.   Abstract （1180）      PDF （652KB）（5618）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Status of Topological Superfluid in Ultracold Atoms FENG Jian, ZHANG Wei-wei, LIN Liang-wei, CAI Qi-peng, ZHANG Yi-cai, LIU Chao-fei Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (3): 67-95.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.03.001 Abstract （1809）      PDF （1246KB）（10372）       The topological superfluid state is protected by the energy gap in the bulk, but it can accommodate the gapless Majorana fermions at the edge of the system. The Majorana fermions satisfy non-Abelian statistics and are protected by topology and have good stability, they can carry quantized information and can be used in the study of topological quantum computing. In recent years, theoretical work has predicted the possible topological superfluid states in various systems. Firstly, we introduce the topological superfluid in various optical lattice models. The ultracold atoms of optical lattice have good controllability and universality. It is an ideal model system to realize topological superfluid. Next, we introduce the topological superfluid under the control of spin orbit coupling. The spin orbit coupling effect is an important condition to induce the topological phase, and the artificial spin orbit coupling has been realized in the experiment. Which makes a breakthrough for the experimental observation of topological superfluid. With the improvement of experimental technology in recent years, the topological FFLO superfluid phase, which was difficult to observe in the experiment and ignored by people, has also become a research hotspot. Therefore, we next introduce the topological FFLO superfluid. In addition, we also introduce the progress in other aspects of topological superfluid, including topological superfluid induced by soliton, three-component topological superfluid, topological superfluid with large Chern number, and the high critical temperature of topological superfluid. In the experiment, how to detect and implement topological superfluid is the purpose and significance of our research. Therefore, we introduce the identification and implementation of topological superfluid at the end of the article. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spin Hall Effect of Light and Its Applications in Measurements of Physical Parameters LIU Shuo-qing , CHEN Shi-zhen , LUO Hai-lu Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (2): 35-53.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.02.001 Abstract （4068）      PDF （8674KB）（9886）       The spin Hall effect (SHE) of light refers to the transverse spin-dependent splitting of photons with opposite spin angular momentum after the beam passes through inhomogeneous media, in the direction perpendicular to the incident plane. It can be regarded as an analogue of the SHE in electronic systems, where the spin photons and the refractive index gradient replace the spin electrons and the electronic potential, respectively. Fundamentally, the SHE of light originates from the spin-orbit interaction of photons and depends mainly on two different geometric phases, namely, the spin redirection Rytov-Vlasimirskii-Berry phase in the momentum space and the Pancharatnam-Berry phase in the Stokes parameter space. Meanwhile, the SHE of light exhibits great sensitivity to the physical parameters, and combined with quantum weak measurements, has important application prospects in fields of physical parameters measurement and optical sensing. We briefly analyze the physical origin of the SHE of light, review its recent progress in different physical systems, and present its applications in measurements of physical parameters. Finally, the possible developing trends in optical analog computing, microscopy imaging, and quantum imaging are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Two-Dimensional Multiferroic Materials and Their Magnetoelectric Properties ZHENG Hongqian , HU Ting , HUANG Chengxi , DU Yongping , WAN Yi Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (3): 105-117.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.03.001 Abstract （2348）      PDF （9286KB）（5049）       In recent years, multiferroic materials, which possess both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties, have attracted intense attention from researchers due to their novel and rich physical characteristics, as well as their broad potential applications in fields such as information storage and sensor technologies. As understanding of the properties of multiferroic materials deepens, researchers have begun to explore their behavior at smaller scales, particularly focusing on two-dimensional (2D) materials. Compared to three-dimensional (3D) materials, 2D materials, owing to their unique structural features and significant size effects, often exhibit more superior performance in terms of mechanical, optical, thermal, and magnetic properties. However, it is noteworthy that current research on 2D multiferroic materials is primarily concentrated on theoretical predictions, with experimental progress lagging behind. In this context, this paper first briefly reviews the development history of multiferroic materials, then elaborates on the characteristics and advantages of 2D materials, and discusses the potential applications of 2D multiferroic materials. Subsequently, the paper provides an overview of the current research status, covering related physical phenomena and mechanisms, experimental preparation methods, performance regulation technologies, and characterization techniques. Furthermore, this paper also enumerates potential 2D multiferroic materials predicted by theory and, based on this, delves into the challenges faced by current research and future directions for development.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2014, 34 (5): 203-225.   Abstract （953）      PDF （1822KB）（3396）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2014, 34 (2): 47-117.   Abstract （1350）      PDF （9236KB）（13639）       Related Articles | Metrics

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The exotic electronic properties of the topological Kondo insulator SmB 6 ZHAO Gan, ZHANG Ming-yuan, WANG Jia-min, ZHANG Wang, MIAO Lin Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (6): 231-.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.06.001 Abstract （2221）      PDF （9363KB）（9280）       The topological Kondo insulator (TKI) is an intrinsic electronic correlated topological system in which the bulk bandgap is originated from the Kondo correlation. Since the theoretical idea of TKI was proposed in 2010, SmB6 was predicted to be the first candidate topological Kondo insulator. In the last decade, SmB6 was investigated extensively by various experimental methods, and the accumulated evidence confirmed that SmB6 is a topological Kondo insulator. This review article presented some key experimental evidence, including electronic transportation measurements, ARPES study of low-energy band structure, and STM characterization of the surface. We also discussed how these experimental results establish the topological narrative of SmB6. Meanwhile, some extremely exotic properties like the 3D quantum oscillations and the bulk-surface valence seperation of SmB6 are exhibited. The related physical origin is still unknown and needs extra efforts to unveil the underlying physics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2014, 34 (1): 1-9.   Abstract （1231）      PDF （1363KB）（6152）       Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey of heavy-antiheavy hadronic molecules Dong Xiang-Kun, Guo Feng-Kun, Zou Bing-Song Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (2): 65-93.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.02.001 Abstract （1829）      PDF （1088KB）（17650）       Many efforts have been made to reveal the nature of the overabundant resonant structures observed by the worldwide experiments in the last two decades. Hadronic molecules attract special attention because many of these seemingly unconventional resonances are located close to the threshold of a pair of hadrons. To give an overall feature of the spectrum of hadronic molecules composed of a pair of heavy-antiheavy hadrons, namely, which pairs are possible to form molecular states, we take charmed hadrons for example to investigate the interaction between them and search for poles by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. We consider all possible combinations of hadron pairs of the S-wave singly-charmed mesons and baryons as well as the narrow P-wave charmed mesons. The interactions, which are assumed to be meson-exchange saturated, are described by constant contact terms which are resummed to generate poles. It turns out that if a system is attractive near threshold by the light meson exchange, there is a pole close to threshold corresponding to a bound state or a virtual state, depending on the strength of interaction and the cutoff. In total, 229 molecular states are predicted. The observed near-threshold structures with hidden-charm, like the famous X(3872) and Pc states, fit into the spectrum we obtain. We also highlight a  ΛcΛc  bound state that has a pole consistent with the cross section of the e+e-→ ΛcΛc  precisely measured by the BESIII Collaboration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2014, 34 (1): 10-27.   Abstract （1339）      PDF （5125KB）（3923）       Related Articles | Metrics

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ZHOU Yi-fan , KONG Ling-xing , WU Ren-jie , LIU Feng Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (4): 183-196.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.04.002 Abstract （1251）      PDF （6737KB）（2091）       Living cells constantly sense and respond to environmental changes. Transcription, the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA, serves as a critical bridge between external signals and gene expression, ultimately shaping cellular behavior. To unravel the transcription dynamics and the relationship between input signals and gene expression out-put, various transcription models have been developed. This review explores these common models, their computational frameworks, and the resulting distributions for mRNA number and transcriptional event duration, which offer valuable insights into input-output relationships and underlying response mechanisms. We further analyze how different promoter types, chromatin environments, and network motifs influence these relationships. Finally, we probe how information theory can be applied to systems with near-maximum channel capacity to reveal the dynamic range of transcription factor concentrations, input-output dynamics, and the link between these factors and gene expression distribution. Through these multifaceted analyses, we identify key regulators of dynamic input-output relationships and gain deeper insights into how genes respond to transcription factor signals. Quantitative studies of input-output relationships hold promises for identifying key regulatory factors, predicting changes in gene expression patterns, and designing interventions to manipulate cellular functions and behavior. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Influence of Terahertz Waves on Neurotransmitter Synaptic Transmission CHEN Chen , DING Hong-ming , MA Yu-qiang Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (1): 32-46.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.01.002 Abstract （1342）      PDF （2539KB）（1969）       Terahertz waves are a type of electromagnetic wave between microwaves and infrared waves. Due to its physical properties such as strong penetration, non-ionization and strong absorption, and the ability to achieve non-contact regulation of synaptic transmission, it has shown great application prospects. The synaptic transmission process is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the response of terahertz waves to the synaptic transmission process has a guiding role in the prevention and treatment of related diseases. This paper first introduces the physical properties of terahertz waves, biological effects and related concepts of synaptic transmission in detail, and then focuses on the influence of terahertz waves on the synaptic transmission process, namely the presynaptic, synaptic cleft and postsynaptic stages. Finally, the potential application of terahertz waves in the future synaptic transmission process is summarized and prospected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tailoring hyperbolic phonon polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures comprising multiphase boron nitride WANG Kaiyuan , LÜ Xin, MA Guolong , WEN Lu , LI Zhiqiang, WANG Lei Progress in Physics    2026, 46 (4): 165-173.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2026.04.001 Abstract （187）      PDF （1620KB）（156）       Phonon polaritons are hybrid quasiparticles arising from the coupling between infrared photons and lattice vibrations, enabling strong subwavelength confinement of electromagnetic fields. This unique property makes them highly promising for nanoscale manipulation of infrared light and enhanced light–matter interactions. In this work, we theoretically investigate hyperbolic phonon polariton in various boron nitride (BN) systems. Van der Waals heterostructures are constructed by combining different BN materials, including h10BN, h11BN, pyrolytic boron nitride, and wurtzite boron nitride, and further integrated with α-MoO3. We systematically analyze the effects of material composition, stacking sequence, and layer thickness on polariton dispersion, interlayer coupling, and interfacial hybridization. The influence of isotopic mass variation, crystal disorder–induced damping, and phase-dependent dielectric responses is first examined through intrinsic dispersion comparisons. Our results reveal that multilayer BN heterostructures enable tunable mode hybridization, leading to dispersion reconstruction, including branch rearrangement and spectral redistribution. When coupled with α-MoO3, the system exhibits multiple dispersion bandgaps and low group-velocity branches under specific conditions, arising from strong multimode coupling. These findings demonstrate that material selection, stacking configuration, and thickness engineering provide versatile degrees of freedom for tailoring hyperbolic phonon polaritons, offering valuable theoretical guidance for infrared polariton engineering in complex van der Waals heterostru Related Articles | Metrics