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A Brief History of Solid State Physics SHI Feng , HAN Xiu-jun , ZHANG Ling-cui , XU Yue , ZHANG Chuan-jiang Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (4): 170-187.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.04.002 Abstract （3970）      PDF （446KB）（20288）       The study of many-body problems in solid-state physics is an important branch of physics, covering a wide range of areas, and it is also the basis of many technical disciplines including materials science. This article discusses the brief history of the development of solid state physics, including the initial development history, the study of thermal properties, Weidmann-Franz law, the study history of the microscopic geometric structure of crystals, the free electron gas model, the energy band theory of solids, and the The research of solid magnetism, the information age, the development of solid state physics in China, and the teaching materials of solid state physics, etc., briefly describe the major events in the development of solid state physics, and the influential scientists and their contributions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tuning the Thermal Conductivity of Polymer: A Recent Progress Report Progress in Physics    2018, 38 (2): 69-81.   Abstract （1071）      PDF （1047KB）（22526）       Polymer-based thermal interface materials play an important role in the heat removal and thermal management of high-density integrated circuits. Here, we introduce the theoretical and experi- mental progress of the thermal conductivity of polymers. Main foci are given to enhancement of thermal conductivity in polymers, including stretched polymer and polymer-based nanocompos- ites. Bottlenecks and challenges in this eld are also comprehensive discussed in this review. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gauge Field and Fiber Bundle：Its Contents, Methods, and Meanings  ZHAO Song-nian , LU Bo, CHEN Ken, HUANG Xu Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (1): 10-24.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.01.002 Abstract （4117）      PDF （708KB）（7282）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2013, 33 (6): 369-381.   Abstract （668）      PDF （4892KB）（4112）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Status of Topological Superfluid in Ultracold Atoms FENG Jian, ZHANG Wei-wei, LIN Liang-wei, CAI Qi-peng, ZHANG Yi-cai, LIU Chao-fei Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (3): 67-95.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.03.001 Abstract （1739）      PDF （1246KB）（9949）       The topological superfluid state is protected by the energy gap in the bulk, but it can accommodate the gapless Majorana fermions at the edge of the system. The Majorana fermions satisfy non-Abelian statistics and are protected by topology and have good stability, they can carry quantized information and can be used in the study of topological quantum computing. In recent years, theoretical work has predicted the possible topological superfluid states in various systems. Firstly, we introduce the topological superfluid in various optical lattice models. The ultracold atoms of optical lattice have good controllability and universality. It is an ideal model system to realize topological superfluid. Next, we introduce the topological superfluid under the control of spin orbit coupling. The spin orbit coupling effect is an important condition to induce the topological phase, and the artificial spin orbit coupling has been realized in the experiment. Which makes a breakthrough for the experimental observation of topological superfluid. With the improvement of experimental technology in recent years, the topological FFLO superfluid phase, which was difficult to observe in the experiment and ignored by people, has also become a research hotspot. Therefore, we next introduce the topological FFLO superfluid. In addition, we also introduce the progress in other aspects of topological superfluid, including topological superfluid induced by soliton, three-component topological superfluid, topological superfluid with large Chern number, and the high critical temperature of topological superfluid. In the experiment, how to detect and implement topological superfluid is the purpose and significance of our research. Therefore, we introduce the identification and implementation of topological superfluid at the end of the article. Related Articles | Metrics

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Potential mechanisms of comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder YU Chen, ZHANG Xiaopeng, WANG Wei Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (6): 261-280.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.06.001 Abstract （836）      PDF （817KB）（1715）       Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit a high rate of comorbidity. This paper systematically reviews existing studies at different levels to summarize the common pathological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of ASD and ADHD. Specifically: (1) Both diseases exhibit abnormal synaptic pruning, leading to a further aggravation of abnormal brain structure in patients with the comorbidity; (2) Dysfunction of the default mode network and executive control network constitutes important neurobiological evidence for the comorbidity of the two disorders; (3) The abnormal signaling pathways implicated in ASD and ADHD mainly involve the dopamine, Wnt, GABA, mTOR, and inflammation-related pathways, all of which are closely associated with the stability of synapse numbers; (4) Abnormal synaptic pruning leads to excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance, which may provide the physiological basis for abnormal functional connectivity of brain networks and altered cortical thickness and volume in higher cognitive regions such as the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, by computational neural network modeling and molecular network modeling, it is expected to advance the understanding of the co-morbidity mechanism of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this review, we elucidate the pathological mechanism of comorbidity in two typical diseases related to neurodevelopmental disorders from different perspectives, and may provide a theoretical basis for early intervention and precise treatment in comorbid patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2016, 36 (2): 46-63.   Abstract （846）      PDF （2125KB）（5613）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Excited-State Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides QIN Chunbo , ZHANG Chunfeng Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (4): 195-207.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.04.003 Abstract （585）      PDF （5372KB）（1725）       Two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides exhibit strong light-matter interactions and pronounced excitonic effects, the study of their excited-state dynamics is essential for advancing both fundamental research and technological applications. This review summarizes recent advances in the investigation of excited-state dynamics in monolayer transition metal chalcogenides and their van der Waals heterostructures. Specifically, we discuss the generation and recombination dynamics of excitons in monolayers, as well as interlayer excitons in heterostructures. Particular emphasis is placed on interlayer charge transfer and the influence of stacking angles and moiré superlattices on excited-state dynamics. Finally, we highlight open questions in the field and provide an outlook on future research directions.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Spin Hall Effect of Light and Its Applications in Measurements of Physical Parameters LIU Shuo-qing , CHEN Shi-zhen , LUO Hai-lu Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (2): 35-53.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.02.001 Abstract （3910）      PDF （8674KB）（9491）       The spin Hall effect (SHE) of light refers to the transverse spin-dependent splitting of photons with opposite spin angular momentum after the beam passes through inhomogeneous media, in the direction perpendicular to the incident plane. It can be regarded as an analogue of the SHE in electronic systems, where the spin photons and the refractive index gradient replace the spin electrons and the electronic potential, respectively. Fundamentally, the SHE of light originates from the spin-orbit interaction of photons and depends mainly on two different geometric phases, namely, the spin redirection Rytov-Vlasimirskii-Berry phase in the momentum space and the Pancharatnam-Berry phase in the Stokes parameter space. Meanwhile, the SHE of light exhibits great sensitivity to the physical parameters, and combined with quantum weak measurements, has important application prospects in fields of physical parameters measurement and optical sensing. We briefly analyze the physical origin of the SHE of light, review its recent progress in different physical systems, and present its applications in measurements of physical parameters. Finally, the possible developing trends in optical analog computing, microscopy imaging, and quantum imaging are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Photocurrent Mapping of Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cell ZHAO Xiao-xia, TIAN Wen-ming, SUN Zhong-gao, JIN Sheng-ye Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (2): 54-60.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.02.002 Abstract （2042）      PDF （751KB）（3544）       Developing an interplay between the local morphological character, optoelectronic properties and its local photovoltaic parameters in a perovskite thin film is essential for guiding the construction of highly-efficient perovskite solar cells (PSC). In this work, by using a laserscanned and time-resolved confocal microscopy coupled with a picoammeter detection module, we realize in-situ photoluminescence (PL) intensity, PL lifetime, and photocurrent mappings in a two-dimensional (2D) PSC. A significant negative correlation is found between photocurrent and PL intensity and PL lifetime imaging within grains of the perovskite polycrystalline film. We establish the correlation between local photovoltaic parameters, optoelectronic properties, and morphology character, which provides theoretical guidance for the optimization of PSC performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Two-Dimensional Multiferroic Materials and Their Magnetoelectric Properties ZHENG Hongqian , HU Ting , HUANG Chengxi , DU Yongping , WAN Yi Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (3): 105-117.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.03.001 Abstract （2222）      PDF （9286KB）（4601）       In recent years, multiferroic materials, which possess both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties, have attracted intense attention from researchers due to their novel and rich physical characteristics, as well as their broad potential applications in fields such as information storage and sensor technologies. As understanding of the properties of multiferroic materials deepens, researchers have begun to explore their behavior at smaller scales, particularly focusing on two-dimensional (2D) materials. Compared to three-dimensional (3D) materials, 2D materials, owing to their unique structural features and significant size effects, often exhibit more superior performance in terms of mechanical, optical, thermal, and magnetic properties. However, it is noteworthy that current research on 2D multiferroic materials is primarily concentrated on theoretical predictions, with experimental progress lagging behind. In this context, this paper first briefly reviews the development history of multiferroic materials, then elaborates on the characteristics and advantages of 2D materials, and discusses the potential applications of 2D multiferroic materials. Subsequently, the paper provides an overview of the current research status, covering related physical phenomena and mechanisms, experimental preparation methods, performance regulation technologies, and characterization techniques. Furthermore, this paper also enumerates potential 2D multiferroic materials predicted by theory and, based on this, delves into the challenges faced by current research and future directions for development.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2012, 32 (1): 1-32.   Abstract （1027）      PDF （1234KB）（4528）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Black Holes and Singularities Ong Yen Chin Progress in Physics    2020, 40 (2): 33-43.   Abstract （2065）      PDF （160KB）（2987）       Black holes are arguably the most extreme manifestation of gravity, with horizons that mark the boundary of no return beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape. Recently, remarkable progress has been made on the observational fronts, with the detection of gravitational wave produced by colliding black holes, and “direct” imaging of the supermassive black holes in the galaxy M87. On the theoretical side however, there remains a lot of unsolved mysteries in black hole physics. Of these, the information paradox is the most well-known. Nevertheless, there is another equally puzzling – if not more so – issue, which concerns the very heart of black holes: their singularities, where general relativity breaks down. What happens at the singularities of black holes? Can quantum gravity really remove black hole singularities? Is there a difference between Big Bang singularity and those inside black holes? More crucially, can singularities become naked, i.e. no longer shrouded by black hole horizon and therefore visible to ordinary observers? What is the status of the so-called “cosmic censorship conjecture”? In this review we will go through this topic at a semi-technical level, which is suitable for an ambitious undergraduate students in physics or mathematics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Electronic Structure of High Temperature Superconductors Peng Shu-Ting, Wei Zhi-Yuan, Zhao Zhi-Sheng, Hu Yong, He Jun-Feng Progress in Physics    2019, 39 (2): 51-79.   Abstract （1216）      PDF （23466KB）（1668）       The mechanism of high temperature superconductivity is a key issue in condensed matter physics. In order to reveal the orders and interactions which are essential to superconductivity, a direct way is to unravel the electronic structure of the high temperature superconducting materials. In this paper, we review some of the studies on high-temperature cuprate superconductors and iron-based superconductors via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and resonant elastic X- ray scattering (REXS). We mainly focus on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+ , YBa2Cu3O7??x/La0:7Ca0:3MnO3 heterostructures and FeSe lms grown on SrTiO3 substrate. Related Articles | Metrics

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From local to nonlocal artificial materials: cloaking, parallel spaces, and photonic wormholes SONG Tongtong, LAI Yun Progress in Physics    2026, 46 (3): 114-133.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2026.03.002 Abstract （126）      PDF （20702KB）（197）       Artificial materials, whose electromagnetic properties are engineered through subwavelength or wavelength-scale microstructures, offer responses inaccessible to natural materials and have come to bridge wave physics, information science, and spacetime analogues. With optical and electromagnetic cloaking as the unifying thread, this review systematically traces the evolution of artificial materials from parameter engineering grounded in local effective medium theory toward nonlocal spatial dispersion engineering. Cloaking within local metamaterial and metasurface frameworks has progressed from transformation-optics and zero-index waveguide designs, through metasurface-enabled skin cloaks and ultra-broadband concealment, to camouflage schemes that integrate broadband detection with adaptive mimicry. As an emerging class of engineered media, nonlocal artificial materials are characterized by a constitutive response that depends explicitly on the wavevector, thereby expanding the accessible degrees of freedom in momentum space well beyond the limits of local constitutive relations. Nonlocal spatial dispersion, combined with boundary-selective excitation, underlies the realization of omnidirectional ultratransparency and zero-spacing cladding-free waveguide arrays. Nonlocality further severs the one-to-one correspondence between physical space and optical space, enabling the construction of photonic parallel spaces. Beyond photonic parallel spaces, this framework enables the realization of photonic wormholes and opens a route to independently coexisting ”multiple realities” supported by a single physical structure. These advances collectively redefine the design space of artificial materials, shifting the focus from engineering individual electromagnetic parameters to constructing multiple coexisting optical spaces, and point toward transformative opportunities in integrated photonics, high-dimensional wave-field manipulation, and multi-physics integration. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Brief History of Electronic Development SHI Feng , LIU Jin-hua , ZHANG Ling-cui , XU Yue , LOU You-xin , SHEN Yan , ZHAO Jin-bo Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (2): 79-104.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.02.003 Abstract （2831）      PDF （516KB）（2613）       Electron is an inseparable part of atom. The ancients believed that atoms could not be divied, and it was not until the late 19th century that Thomson discovered the existence of electron, which proved that atom is redividable. After that, the complex and challenging journey to uncover the volatility of electrons, electron spin, and positrons led to groundbreaking discoveries, which resulted in numerous of Nobel Prizes were awarded in Physics. The discovery of electron played an important role in promoting the birth of quantum mechani. It was through the meticulous examination of atomic structure models that the scientists progressively ventured into the realms of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Similarly, electrons have played a positive role in promoting our understanding of various materials, leading to the development of to many theories, such as Lorentz’s free electron theory, Sommerfeld model, and band theory. Especially band theory has led to a revolution in modern electronic technology, ushering humanity into the information age.  Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey of heavy-antiheavy hadronic molecules Dong Xiang-Kun, Guo Feng-Kun, Zou Bing-Song Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (2): 65-93.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.02.001 Abstract （1763）      PDF （1088KB）（17375）       Many efforts have been made to reveal the nature of the overabundant resonant structures observed by the worldwide experiments in the last two decades. Hadronic molecules attract special attention because many of these seemingly unconventional resonances are located close to the threshold of a pair of hadrons. To give an overall feature of the spectrum of hadronic molecules composed of a pair of heavy-antiheavy hadrons, namely, which pairs are possible to form molecular states, we take charmed hadrons for example to investigate the interaction between them and search for poles by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. We consider all possible combinations of hadron pairs of the S-wave singly-charmed mesons and baryons as well as the narrow P-wave charmed mesons. The interactions, which are assumed to be meson-exchange saturated, are described by constant contact terms which are resummed to generate poles. It turns out that if a system is attractive near threshold by the light meson exchange, there is a pole close to threshold corresponding to a bound state or a virtual state, depending on the strength of interaction and the cutoff. In total, 229 molecular states are predicted. The observed near-threshold structures with hidden-charm, like the famous X(3872) and Pc states, fit into the spectrum we obtain. We also highlight a  ΛcΛc  bound state that has a pole consistent with the cross section of the e+e-→ ΛcΛc  precisely measured by the BESIII Collaboration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2014, 34 (5): 203-225.   Abstract （916）      PDF （1822KB）（2973）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2016, 36 (3): 65-99.   Abstract （1319）      PDF （14455KB）（3556）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2014, 34 (2): 47-117.   Abstract （1296）      PDF （9236KB）（13234）       Related Articles | Metrics