Top Read Articles

    Published in last 1 year |  In last 2 years |  In last 3 years |  All
    Please wait a minute...
    For Selected: Toggle Thumbnails
    Recent Progress on the Effect of the Electronic Structure on Electrocatalytic Performance of Single Atom Catalysts
    HE Yue-xuan, WANG Tong-hui, WEN Zi, JIANG Qing
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (3): 136-156.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.03.004
    Abstract830)      PDF (2081KB)(336)      

    Single atom catalysts (SACs) are promising candidates for various catalytic systems due to their unique electronic structures and the highest atom utilization. Modulating the electronic structure of SACs catalysts is the key to its further development, can optimize the adsorption and bonding energies of the catalysts by regulating the electronic properties, and thus improves the catalytic activity and stability. Herein, we provide a comprehensive understanding of SACs in catalysis through their electronic structures and their associated knowledges. Various electronic properties have been discussed, such as energy band structure, orbital hybridization and associated spin states, etc. Electrocatalysis as a technology for reducing carbon emissions and utilizing renewable energy sources which can address growing pollution problems, is receiving increasing attention, making the design of high-performance catalysts critical. From this review, we discusse how the electronic structure of SACs affects their electrochemical catalytic performance and explore its relationship with activity and stability of SACs. The understanding of the fundamentals of electronic structures in catalytic processes can provide rational guidance for the design of catalysts in various catalytic reactions in the future

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Halide Perovskite Single Crystals and Photodetectors: Research Progress and Challenges 
    SUN Yue, HUANG Xiao-rui , HE Sheng-rong, XING Jun
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (5): 209-242.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.05.001
    Abstract828)      PDF (15745KB)(1073)      

    In recent years, metal halide perovskite materials have made great scientific progress in the field of light detection, photoelectric conversion, and light emission due to their excellent optical and electrical properties (such as high absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, small exciton binding energy, high defect tolerance, and adjustable band gap, etc.), and low-cost solution preparation process. In recent decades, scientific research on the preparation and optimization of perovskite single crystals has been promoted driven by their advantages compared to polycrystalline perovskite films. These advantages include longer carrier lifetime, higher carrier mobility, longer diffusion length, and lower trap density. High-quality halide perovskite single crystals have been widely used in important applications such as photodetection. This review focuses on the recent advancements in photodetector technology using various forms and chemical compositions of halide perovskite single crystals, including single crystal bulks and single crystal thin films. Firstly, we systematically review the preparation and optimization progress of halide perovskite single crystals, with a focus on the latest progress in triple cations hybrid perovskite single crystals. After that, a comprehensive introduction was given to the research status of various types of photodetectors based on perovskite single crystals. Finally, the current challenges and future development prospects in the research field of halide perovskite single crystal photodetector are summarized in order to promote rapid progress and development in this field.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Theoretical Insights into the Triplet-Pair State of Singlet Fissio
    TONG Lei, ZHANG Chun-feng
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (3): 112-122.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.03.002
    Abstract676)      PDF (1708KB)(586)      

    Singlet fission is a photophysical process in organic materials where a photoexcited singlet exciton splits into two triplet excitons. This process has gained a lot of interest in the past decade for enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic conversion. Precious work identified a crucial intermediate state in singlet fission, and the construction of the wave function for this correlated triplet-pair state poses a significant challenge. This article serves as a comprehensive introduction to theoretical models designed for constructing the wave function of the correlated triplet-pair. Subsequently, we delve into an exploration of the intricate effects of vibrational, orbital, and spin interactions on the formation and dissociation of the intermediate state. Finally, we conclude with a succinct summary of the challenges anticipated to shape the landscape of future theoretical research in this field.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Wave Velocity Measurement and Modulation of Surface Acoustic Waves in Piezoelectric Materials 
    WANG Ren-fei, LIU Xiao, WU Meng-meng, LIN Xi, LIU Yang
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (3): 103-111.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.03.001
    Abstract609)      PDF (4278KB)(833)      

    In addition to the well-known conventional acoustic wave propagation mode in three-dimensional solids, there exists the surface acoustic wave propagation mode where energy is only concentrated near the two-dimensional interface. In this work, utilizing the piezoelectric and inverse piezoelectric effects from GaAs substrates, we achieve the conversion between radiofrequency electromagnetic waves and surface acoustic waves with planar interdigital transducers, and successfully measure the surface acoustic wave velocity on a sample with a dimension of only 4 mm using superheterodyne-scheme lock-in technique, yielding a result of (2.9±0.1) km/s. We also fabricate a uniaxial stress cell with piezoelectric ceramics, capable of applying uniaxial strains up to approximately 10−4 to the sample, and observe the influence of strain on the surface acoustic wave velocity. We measure the surface acoustic wave velocity of the important semiconductor GaAs under stress, demonstrating the capability of this velocity measurement technique to probe the internal mechanical properties of solids in situ. The wave velocity measurements based on planar interdigital transducers overcome the macroscopic size requirements of traditional time-of-flight and standing wave methods. The superheterodyne-scheme lock-in technique established in this article has replaced the commercial vector network analyzers for measuring surface acoustic wave velocity, enabling possible future applications with low power input and high phase stability. As the measurement setup can also be used for experimental teaching related to solid-state physics, this work provides detailed parameters and fabrication processes for surface acoustic wave devices and homemade stress cell.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Recent Progress in Ultrafast Spin Dynamics in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Antiferromagnets
    LI Jin-yang , WU Fang-liang , ZHANG Qi
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (6): 293-308.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.06.003
    Abstract603)      PDF (4771KB)(618)      

    Antiferromagnets exhibit high-speed spin responses in the terahertz frequency range and robustness against external magnetic fields, making them promising for nextgeneration high-speed, high-density spintronic devices. Recently, two-dimensional van der Waals magnetic systems, which possess rich antiferromagnetic ground states, have gained significant attention and serve as ideal platforms for studying low-dimensional antiferromagnetic physics. Detecting and controlling ultrafast spin dynamics in two-dimensional antiferromagnetic systems will lay the foundation for high-speed spintronic device applications. Antiferromagnets have no net macroscopic magnetization, making traditional optical methods, such as magneto-optical effects, challenging for detecting antiferromagnetic order in equilibrium states. However, in non-equilibrium states, the instantaneous magnetization generated by antiferromagnetic spin dynamics allows the use of time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect to detect coherent spin precession in antiferromagnets. Additionally, techniques such as linear dichroism spectroscopy, terahertz emission spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation have been employed in studying the dynamics of two-dimensional antiferromagnets. This paper introduces recent experimental progress on ultrafast spin dynamics in two-dimensional van der Waals antiferromagnetic systems, and briefly describes the coherent magnon excitations and corresponding mechanisms in two-dimensional antiferromagnets, including inverse magneto-optical effects/stimulated Raman scattering, orbital excitations, and exciton coupling. Furthermore, this paper discusses the critical slowing down of spin dynamics due to spin-lattice coupling effects and the amplification of coherent acoustic phonons.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Image Sensor Based on Halide Perovskite
    ZHANG Qiang, DONG Hao-tian, BAO Chun-xiong
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (6): 278-292.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.06.002
    Abstract563)      PDF (5446KB)(430)      

    Image sensors have extensive applications in both industrial and everyday settings. For example, X-ray sensors are widely used in medical imaging and security screening; visible light sensors are essential in facial recognition and smart devices; near-infrared sensors are crucial for biometric identification. Currently, these image sensors mainly utilize photodetectors based on silicon, germanium, or III-V group semiconductors. However, these sensors exhibit certain limitations, such as low light utilization efficiency in color image sensors and the occurrence of moiré patterns. Metal halide perovskites have emerged as a promising material for high-performance photodetectors due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, including high light absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, and high defect tolerance. This review summarizes the research advancements in image sensors based on metal halide perovskites, evaluates the current performance gap between these sensors and commercial devices, and suggests potential improvements to bridge this gap.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Working Memory: Mechanisms and Modeling Approaches
    YANG Fan, QIAN Rui-xin, WANG Tao
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (5): 243-258.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.05.002
    Abstract539)      PDF (2967KB)(699)      

    Working memory, a cornerstone of human cognition, allows us to temporarily hold and manipulate information. The delayed response experiment is a fundamental tool for understanding working memory. By inserting a delay between the presentation of stimuli and the behavioral decision, researchers can probe the neural mechanisms underlying information maintenance and manipulation during this delay period. This review delves into the delayed response paradigm and introduces attractor dynamics as a potential mechanism for working memory function. We then systematically explore two common methods for analyzing working memory networks: trajectory tracking, and energy landscape and flux theory. Finally, we summarize the key features of these two dynamical approaches and provide an outlook for future directions of working memory research.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Progress on High-Pressure Structure and Properties of Phosphorus and Phosphide
    HUANG Ye-hua, GUO Zhen-yuan, LI Jun-kai, YANG Xin, GOU Hui-yang
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (3): 123-135.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.03.003
    Abstract529)      PDF (6131KB)(791)      

    Phosphorus,a group V non-metallic element, exhibits a unique electronic structure along with excellent optical, electrical and mechanical properties, and has a wide range of application prospects. Recent studies have demonstrated that phosphorus and phosphides are easily affected and regulated by external fields and have rich physical and chemical properties under high pressure. In addition, the unique structure and electronic properties of phosphorus and phosphides give them many physical properties that differ from those of traditional materials. Therefore, the use of high pressure to induce structural transformation and superconducting transformation in phosphorus and phosphides has become the focus of high-pressure research. In this paper, the structural, electrical, and optical responses of black phosphorus, germanium phosphide, and arsenic phosphide under high-pressure conditions are reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, we also explore the structure-activity relationships between the structures and physical properties and forecast the future research directions of phosphides under high pressure.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Investigation on the Electrical and Thermal Transport Properties of BiCuXO (X=S, Se, Te) Crystals
    TIAN Hao, DONG Song-tao, LI Yi-chi, LÜ Yang-yang, ZHOU Jian, CHEN Yan-bin, YAO Shu-hua
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (6): 259-277.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.06.001
    Abstract494)      PDF (10894KB)(398)      

    BiCuXO (X=S, Se, Te), a layered oxide material, has garnered significant attention due to its exceptional electrical transport properties and inherently low thermal conductivity, positioning it as a prospective candidate for high-performance thermoelectric applications. The optimization of material physical properties is intrinsically linked to an in-depth investigation of the crystallographic properties. This study initially presents a meticulous account of the growth procedures for BiCuXO crystals, elucidating the enhancement of electrical transport characteristics through the modulation of carrier concentrations via growth methodologies and elemental doping. A comparative analysis with ceramic samples documented in the literature is also provided. Subsequently, the paper delves into the electrical and thermal transport properties of BiCuXO crystals. The electrical transport properties encompass conductive behavior, scattering mechanisms, and magnetic resistance evolution. The thermal transport performance is mainly studied through inelastic neutron scattering and Raman experiments, combined with first principles calculations to investigate the physical mechanism of its extremely low thermal conductivity. The paper culminates with an exposition on the application of BiCuSeO crystals in photothermal electricity, harnessing the thermoelectric effect. By summarizing the growth methodologies of BiCuXO crystals and examining their electrical, thermal, and photothermal properties, this paper endeavors to offer theoretical insights and experimental guidance for the enhancement of BiCuXO material performance.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    The Research Progress on One-Dimensional Spin-Orbit Coupled Fermi Gas
    CAI Qi-peng, ZHANG Wei-wei, LIN Liang-wei, XU Yi-guang, CHEN Zi-xuan, WANG Xiao-sheng, YU Hai-peng, FANG Xiao-hong, ZHANG Yi-cai, LIU Chao-fei
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (4): 157-182.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.04.001
    Abstract469)      PDF (3164KB)(935)      

    In ultracold Fermi gases, by adjusting the strength of spin orbit coupling to match Fermi energy, many novel quantum effects can be generated. In the past few decades, scholars have conducted extensive theoretical and experimental research on Fermi gases induced by one-dimensional spin orbit coupling. Compared with high-dimensional spin orbit coupling, one-dimensional spin orbit coupling, although relatively simple, is the most reliable and feasible tool for exploring basic quantum physical phenomena in experiments. This paper systematically summarizes the interesting physical phenomena of Fermi gas under one-dimensional spin orbit coupling in theoretical work. Including theoretical research on dynamic oscillation and soliton effect, topological superfluid, Majorana edge state, ferromagnetic phase transition, and quantum phase. How to achieve spin orbit coupling and observe singular phenomena in experiments is a hot and difficult research topic. We summarize several common experimental schemes and detection methods. Finally, we look forward to the research on Fermi gas induced by one-dimensional spin orbit coupling. One dimensional spin orbit coupling can provide reference for abecedarians and contribute to the study of multi body system regulated by spin orbit coupling. This paper aims to provide a reference for abecedarians in cold atomic physics to gain a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms of multi-body systems under spin orbit coupling.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    ZHOU Yi-fan , KONG Ling-xing , WU Ren-jie , LIU Feng
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (4): 183-196.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.04.002
    Abstract386)      PDF (6737KB)(431)      

    Living cells constantly sense and respond to environmental changes. Transcription, the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA, serves as a critical bridge between external signals and gene expression, ultimately shaping cellular behavior. To unravel the transcription dynamics and the relationship between input signals and gene expression out-put, various transcription models have been developed. This review explores these common models, their computational frameworks, and the resulting distributions for mRNA number and transcriptional event duration, which offer valuable insights into input-output relationships and underlying response mechanisms. We further analyze how different promoter types, chromatin environments, and network motifs influence these relationships. Finally, we probe how information theory can be applied to systems with near-maximum channel capacity to reveal the dynamic range of transcription factor concentrations, input-output dynamics, and the link between these factors and gene expression distribution. Through these multifaceted analyses, we identify key regulators of dynamic input-output relationships and gain deeper insights into how genes respond to transcription factor signals. Quantitative studies of input-output relationships hold promises for identifying key regulatory factors, predicting changes in gene expression patterns, and designing interventions to manipulate cellular functions and behavior.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Electron Transport in Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions Based on Two-Dimensional Janus GeS Bilayers
    SUN Kang, BIE Jie , LV Yang-yang, CHEN Shuang, FA Wei
    Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (4): 183-207.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.04.003
    Abstract352)      PDF (1632KB)(272)      

    The two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) Janus materials have different atomic species on both sides to ensure their structural asymmetry and inherent out-of-plane polarizations. A novel 2D vdW Janus material, GeS, was found to develop ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) with low energy consumption and high response speed. Based on our first-principles calculations, it is found that the Janus GeS bilayers own three stacking modes, and their lateral sliding and vertical displacement can both modulate the electron transport in GeS bilayer-based tunnel junctions. In addition, the FTJ based on GeGe-contacting GeS bilayer exhibits the highest on/off ratio. Our study expands the concept of sliding ferroelectricity to a new class of 2D vdW Janus materials and reveals the possible resistance switching mechanism of these materials in real devices. Furthermore, it provides theoretical guidance for the design of low-energy-consumption and fast-switching nanodevices based on 2D vdW Janus materials.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    A Brief History of Electronic Development
    SHI Feng , LIU Jin-hua , ZHANG Ling-cui , XU Yue , LOU You-xin , SHEN Yan , ZHAO Jin-bo
    Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (2): 79-104.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.02.003
    Abstract25)      PDF (516KB)(5)      

    Electron is an inseparable part of atom. The ancients believed that atoms could not be divied, and it was not until the late 19th century that Thomson discovered the existence of electron, which proved that atom is redividable. After that, the complex and challenging journey to uncover the volatility of electrons, electron spin, and positrons led to groundbreaking discoveries, which resulted in numerous of Nobel Prizes were awarded in Physics. The discovery of electron played an important role in promoting the birth of quantum mechani. It was through the meticulous examination of atomic structure models that the scientists progressively ventured into the realms of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Similarly, electrons have played a positive role in promoting our understanding of various materials, leading to the development of to many theories, such as Lorentz’s free electron theory, Sommerfeld model, and band theory. Especially band theory has led to a revolution in modern electronic technology, ushering humanity into the information age. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Techniques and Applications of Cell Stiffness Testing
    XUE Zhuan-zhuan , HU Huan , Oleksiy Penkov
    Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (2): 55-70.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.02.001
    Abstract23)      PDF (11565KB)(4)      

    The measurement of cell stiffness is of great significance in many fields such as biology, medicine and materials science. In order to understand the biomechanical properties and functions of cells, this review first discusses the important application fields of measuring cell stiffness, including tissue engineering, cartilage disease diagnosis, cancer diagnosis and drug development. Secondly, five major measurement techniques are introduced in detail: micro-pillar array method, optical tweezers method, magnetic tweezers method, atomic force microscopy measurement method (AFM), biomembrane force probe measurement method, and the potential and challenges of these five technologies in practical applications are prospected. With its nanometer-level spatial resolution and piconewton-level force resolution, AFM has become a powerful and unique tool in the field of cell mechanics measurement. Therefore, this review focuses on the application and importance of AFM technology and its related computational model, the Hertz model of microsphere-cell contact, in this field, and further elaborates on the types and characteristics of various existing AFM instruments, as well as their application performance in cell mechanics measurement

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Second-Order Topological Insulators in 2D Electronic Materials 
    FENG Xiao-ran , NIU Cheng-wang ∗ , HUANG Bai-biao , DAI Ying
    Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (1): 1-31.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.01.001
    Abstract23)      PDF (11565KB)(4)      

    Higher-order band topology not only enriches our understanding of topological phases but also unveils pioneering lower-dimensional boundary states, which harbors substantial potential for next-generation device applications. The distinct electronic configurations and tunable attributes of two-dimensional materials position them as a quintessential platform for the realization of second-order topological insulators (SOTIs). This article provides an overview of the research progress in SOTIs within the field of two-dimensional electronic materials, focusing on the characterization of higher-order topological properties and the numerous candidate materials proposed in theoretical studies. These endeavors not only enhance our understanding of higher-order topological states but also highlight potential material systems that could be experimentally realized. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Measurement methods of magnetic fields in laboratory astrophysics
    SHI Chuanqi , YUAN Dawei , ZHAO Gang
    Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (3): 151-159.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.03.004
    Abstract22)      PDF (5979KB)(3)      

    Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the universe, such as Earth, Sun, supernova remnants, nebulae, giants, neutron stars, black holes and so on. Despite their widespread presence, there remain numerous unanswered questions about astronomical magnetic fields. For instance, how are initial magnetic fields generated? How do magnetic fields undergo amplification? With the advent of high-power, high-energy laser facilities, laboratory astrophysics provides a new method to the study of astrophysical problems in a controlled laboratory setting, where researchers recreate extreme physical conditions similar to those found in astrophysical objects or their surroundings. The benefits of this method include the short distance, activity, controlled condition and reproducibility. Under the scaling laws, laboratory plasmas can study the origin and amplification of astrophysical magnetic fields. Various measurement techniques are employed in current laboratory studies to assess magnetic fields, including magnetic probes, magnetic tapes, Zeeman effect, Faraday rotation, and proton radiography. Understanding the principles and characteristics of these diagnostic methods is essential in selecting the appropriate method for measuring magnetic fields in experiments. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Research Progress on Two-Dimensional Multiferroic Materials and Their Magnetoelectric Properties
    ZHENG Hongqian , HU Ting , HUANG Chengxi , DU Yongping , WAN Yi
    Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (3): 105-.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.03.001
    Abstract21)      PDF (9286KB)(5)      

    In recent years, multiferroic materials, which possess both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties, have attracted intense attention from researchers due to their novel and rich physical characteristics, as well as their broad potential applications in fields such as information storage and sensor technologies. As understanding of the properties of multiferroic materials deepens, researchers have begun to explore their behavior at smaller scales, particularly focusing on two-dimensional (2D) materials. Compared to three-dimensional (3D) materials, 2D materials, owing to their unique structural features and significant size effects, often exhibit more superior performance in terms of mechanical, optical, thermal, and magnetic properties. However, it is noteworthy that current research on 2D multiferroic materials is primarily concentrated on theoretical predictions, with experimental progress lagging behind. In this context, this paper first briefly reviews the development history of multiferroic materials, then elaborates on the characteristics and advantages of 2D materials, and discusses the potential applications of 2D multiferroic materials. Subsequently, the paper provides an overview of the current research status, covering related physical phenomena and mechanisms, experimental preparation methods, performance regulation technologies, and characterization techniques. Furthermore, this paper also enumerates potential 2D multiferroic materials predicted by theory and, based on this, delves into the challenges faced by current research and future directions for development. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Research Processes on the Using of Proton Radiography in Laser Driven Magnetic Reconnection Experiments
    HAN Bo
    Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (2): 71-78.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.02.002
    Abstract21)      PDF (9202KB)(4)      

    Magnetic reconnection is an important basic physics progress, and laser driven magnetic reconnection experiment is a major research method. Proton radiography can accurately measure the magnetic filed of plasma, and it has been widely used in laser driven magnetic reconnection experiment. Currently, there are two methods to reconstruct the magnetic field from the experimental proton radiograph, ie. flux analysis and particle tracing. At the beginning, the researches only obtain the magnetic field qualitatively. With the development of technology, at present the accurate strength and distribution of magnetic field in the reconnection region can be reconstructed. It supplies many possibilities in the research of magnetic reconnection. This paper reviews several important results measured by proton radiography in laser driven magnetic reconnection experiments, and aims to provide a reference for researchers in related fields.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Research Progress on the Influence of Terahertz Waves on Neurotransmitter Synaptic Transmission
    CHEN Chen , DING Hong-ming , MA Yu-qiang
    Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (1): 32-46.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.01.002
    Abstract19)      PDF (2539KB)(3)      

    Terahertz waves are a type of electromagnetic wave between microwaves and infrared waves. Due to its physical properties such as strong penetration, non-ionization and strong absorption, and the ability to achieve non-contact regulation of synaptic transmission, it has shown great application prospects. The synaptic transmission process is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the response of terahertz waves to the synaptic transmission process has a guiding role in the prevention and treatment of related diseases. This paper first introduces the physical properties of terahertz waves, biological effects and related concepts of synaptic transmission in detail, and then focuses on the influence of terahertz waves on the synaptic transmission process, namely the presynaptic, synaptic cleft and postsynaptic stages. Finally, the potential application of terahertz waves in the future synaptic transmission process is summarized and prospected.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Two-Dimensional Transistors beyond Silicon Counterparts: From Theory to Experiment
    LI Hong , XU Lin , QIU Chenguang , LU Jing
    Progress in Physics    2025, 45 (3): 118-131.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.03.002
    Abstract18)      PDF (2085KB)(5)      

    Due to the severe short-channel effects, silicon-based transistors cannot work well when the gate length is shorter than 10 nm. Moore’s law is at risk of failure. Compared to bulk semiconductor materials, two-dimensional (2D) materials own better electrostatic features and higher carrier mobilities. To describe the transport properties of transistors at the nanometer scale, the first-principles quantum transport simulation based on density functional theory coupled with non-equilibrium Green’s function method is the most precise theoretical tool. The device performances of ideal 2D transistors are predicted to surpass those of silicon-based transistors based on the first-principles quantum transport simulation, which can meet the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) and International Roadmap for Device and Systems (IRDS) requirements for the next decade and extend Moore’s law to sub-10 nm gate lengths . We review dramatic experimental breakthroughs on 2D transistors in the recent two years, including shrinking the gate length to the Angstrom scale, descending the electrode contact resistance to the quantum limit, and fabricating high-quality and ultrathin dielectric. When Ohmic contacts and high-quality ultrathin dielectric layers are simultaneously realized, theoretically predicted superior performances beyond silicon are observed in 10-nmgate InSe transistors experimentally. 

    Related Articles | Metrics