Progress in Physics ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 159-183.doi: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.05.001

Special Issue: 2023年, 第43卷

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Experimental Progress in Thermal Hall Conductivity Research on Strongly Correlated Electronic Systems

XU Hao1, CHENG Shu-fan1, BAO Song 1, WEN Jin-sheng1,2   

  1. 1. National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures & Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-10-25
  • Supported by:

     National Key Projects for Research and Development of China with Grant No. 2021YFA1400400, the National Natural Science Foundation of China with Grants No. 12225407 and 12074174, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation with Grants No. 2022M711569 and 2022T150315, Jiangsu Province Excellent Postdoctoral Program with Grant No. 20220ZB5, and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

Abstract:

Thermal Hall effect (THE) is to describe the phenomenon where heat carriers are deflected by an external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the heat flow, and thus the carriers gain transverse velocity, leading to a finite temperature gradient on the two sides orthogonal to the heat flow and field. THE is predicted to occur in systems with nontrivial Berry curvatures and thus can reveal topological properties, similar to the electrical Hall effect. However, THE is not limited to charge excitations as in the electrical Hall effect, but rather, to all kinds of excitations that are able to conduct heat, making it possible to explore the exotic properties in strongly correlated electronic systems, which are typically insulators. Therefore, THE is more universal than the electrical form and has become a powerful probe in detecting charge-neutral excitations, such as phonons and magnons. Moreover, there are some sources such as chiral phonons, which are beyond a simple nontrivial-Berry-curvature scenario, that can also give rise to THE; examining THE wherein will shed light on the complex microscopic mechanism hidden in materials. Despite these, heat signals are much weaker than electrical ones. Especially for measurements of the thermal Hall conductivity, it is often needed to collect weak signals on top of a large background. This makes measuring the THE challenging—but thanks to the sustained efforts of the community, this field is developing rapidly in recent years, with many interesting results on the measurements of the thermal Hall conductivity. In this review article, we try to summarize some of these exciting accomplishments, point out remaining outstanding issues, and suggest possible future directions. 

Key words: thermal Hall effect, topology, quantum spin liquid, multiferoics, pseudogap phase

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