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Development of Functional Materials for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 TANG Lan-qin, JIA Yin, ZHU Zhi-shang, WU Cong-ping, ZHOU Yong, ZOU Zhi-gang Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (6): 254-263.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.06.002 Abstract （3536）      PDF （3681KB）（7558）       With the increase of CO2 greenhouse gas emissions, seeking new energy sources to build a low carbon society has become more urgent since the 21st century. The conversion of CO2 to valuable hydrocarbon fuel driven by solar energy is of great potential and promising to realize the global carbon balance. Exploring semiconductor materials is very important for the photoreduction of CO2. Therefore, it will be the main research direction to fabricate highly efficient photocatalysis materials. This paper reviews recent research on photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to the hydrocarbon fuels in our groups, mainly focusing on nanostructure and component regulations of semiconductor catalysts, including TiO2, V, W, Ge Ga based materials, C3N4 based and some other materials, for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Brief History of Solid State Physics SHI Feng , HAN Xiu-jun , ZHANG Ling-cui , XU Yue , ZHANG Chuan-jiang Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (4): 170-187.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.04.002 Abstract （2782）      PDF （446KB）（9095）       The study of many-body problems in solid-state physics is an important branch of physics, covering a wide range of areas, and it is also the basis of many technical disciplines including materials science. This article discusses the brief history of the development of solid state physics, including the initial development history, the study of thermal properties, Weidmann-Franz law, the study history of the microscopic geometric structure of crystals, the free electron gas model, the energy band theory of solids, and the The research of solid magnetism, the information age, the development of solid state physics in China, and the teaching materials of solid state physics, etc., briefly describe the major events in the development of solid state physics, and the influential scientists and their contributions. Related Articles | Metrics

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MAX phase：Synthesis, Structure and Property Tian Li, Fu Chao, Li Yue-Ming, Fan Xiao-Xing, Wang En-Ge, Zhao Guo-Rui Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (1): 39-61.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.01.002 Abstract （2498）      PDF （26993KB）（1706）       MAX phase ceramics have a unique crystal structure in which MX sheets and A-element layers are alternately stacked, so that it has both the excellent characteristics of metal and ceramics. They exhibit high electrical and thermal conductivities, and are machinable. And at the same time, they are resistant to oxidation and corrosion, and elastic stiff. They are attracting more and more attention in the past 20 years with their potential widely applications. In this paper, some research work on MAX phase and MXenes materials are reviewed. Firstly, recent discoveries on the newly MAX phases and their preparation method are introduced. Then, from the physical-property perspective, the research progress on the elastic, electrical, thermal and magnetic properties and radiation resistance of typical MAX phases is reviewed. In addition, a further introduction of MXene, which is a two-dimensional derivative of MAX phases, and its synthesis, characterization, properties and its application in electrochemical energy storage and in catalysis is presented. Finally, important future research directions are discussed. These include charting the unknown regions in phase diagrams to discover new MAX phases, exploring their unknown special physical properties, studying 2D derivative MXene, as well as researching their synthesis, characterization, and potential applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spin Hall Effect of Light and Its Applications in Measurements of Physical Parameters LIU Shuo-qing , CHEN Shi-zhen , LUO Hai-lu Progress in Physics    2022, 42 (2): 35-53.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2022.02.001 Abstract （2426）      PDF （8674KB）（3600）       The spin Hall effect (SHE) of light refers to the transverse spin-dependent splitting of photons with opposite spin angular momentum after the beam passes through inhomogeneous media, in the direction perpendicular to the incident plane. It can be regarded as an analogue of the SHE in electronic systems, where the spin photons and the refractive index gradient replace the spin electrons and the electronic potential, respectively. Fundamentally, the SHE of light originates from the spin-orbit interaction of photons and depends mainly on two different geometric phases, namely, the spin redirection Rytov-Vlasimirskii-Berry phase in the momentum space and the Pancharatnam-Berry phase in the Stokes parameter space. Meanwhile, the SHE of light exhibits great sensitivity to the physical parameters, and combined with quantum weak measurements, has important application prospects in fields of physical parameters measurement and optical sensing. We briefly analyze the physical origin of the SHE of light, review its recent progress in different physical systems, and present its applications in measurements of physical parameters. Finally, the possible developing trends in optical analog computing, microscopy imaging, and quantum imaging are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Proximity effect in topological insulator/superconductor heterostructure He Jia-Dian, Ding Yi-Fan, Teng Bo-Lun, Dong Peng, Li Yi-Fei, Zhang Yi-Wen, Wu Yue-Shen, Wang Jing-Hui, Zhou Xiang, Wang Zhi, Li Jun Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (3): 113-135.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.03.001 Abstract （2417）      PDF （9251KB）（3207）       Topological superconductors have attracted increasing attentions for the purpose of the quantum computation, because the character of supporting topological qubits are immune to quantum decoherence and can be manipulated by braiding operation. Since the topological superconducting state is rather rare in the intrinsic topological superconductors, most of experimental efforts focus on inducing topological superconductors by the proximity effect in superconductor (SC)/topological insulator (TI) heterostructures. Fu and Kane have theoretically proposed that the topological superconductivity can be obtained by inducing an s-wave superconducting gap into TIs. After that, a lot of experimental progress has been made in different systems. In the first part of this review, we introduce the heterostructure of threedimensional (3D) TI Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 on s-wave SC NbSe2 and d-wave SC Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, topological crystalline insulator Sn1−xPbxTe on Pb, two-dimensional (2D) TI WTe2 on NbSe2, and TiBiSe2 on Pb. In the second part, the TI-based Josephson junctions are reviewed by introducing various experiments, including the Josephson junctions with TI barrier layers based on the Fu-Kane mode, and the superconducting quantum interference devices by TI based Josephson junctions. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review on Band Unfolding Technique and Its Applications CHEN Jia-xin, CHEN Ming-xing Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (2): 25-40.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.02.001 Abstract （2291）      PDF （58451KB）（2138）       First-principles methods based on the density-functional theory have been widely applied to investigate structures and properties of materials and further to design new functional materials. The supercell method is usually used for the modeling of doped systems and interfaces. Unfortunately, the use of supercells leads to band foldings. As a result, the nature of electronic bands may be hidden, which brings difficulties in understanding the effects of doping and interfacing on the band structure of materials. This review provides recent advances in band unfolding technique within the plane-wave method and the linear combination of atomic orbitals. It also gives unfolding of phononic bands and lists a number of codes for band unfolding calculations. Finally, it presents a few applications of the technique and an outlook on further research options. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress and Challenges of Indoor Photovoltaics Yang Wen-Fan, Li Meng, Wang Zhao-Kui Progress in Physics    2020, 40 (6): 175-187.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2020.06.001 Abstract （1941）      PDF （3237KB）（2715）       Along with the production and consumption of energy source, the indoor photovoltaics (IPV) gradually attracted public attention. As the power sources under low light conditions, IPV can satisfy the energy needs for some electron device with low power. This review focused and compared the characteristics of different types of IPV devices such as those based on silicon, dye, III-V semiconductors, organic compounds, and halide perovskites. Owing to optimal optical and physical properties, perovskite solar cells possess the potential to be IPV. Meanwhile, this review also concluded the limitations of IPV and gave the way to handle these key points such as power conversion efficiency (PCE)、toxicity and stability. Finally it expressed the prospects for IPVs Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2017, 37 (1): 22-36.   Abstract （1922）      PDF （4790KB）（3373）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2013, 33 (5): 177-351.   Abstract （1892）      PDF （54319KB）（1078）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Historic Origin of Quantum Entanglement in Particle Physics SHI Yu Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (3): 57-67.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.03.001 Abstract （1872）      PDF （1284KB）（1639）       The historic origin of quantum entanglement in particle physics is studied systematically and in depth. In 1957, Bohm and Aharonov noted that the 1950 Wu-Shaknov experiment had realized the discrete version of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation. Indeed this experiment was definitely the first experimental realization of spatially separated quantum entanglement in history. Such an experiment had been proposed by Wheeler, as a test of quantum electrodynamics, but his calculation was erroneous. The correct theoretical calculations were made by Ward and Pryce and also by Snyder, Pasternack and Hornbostel. The entangled state of the photons also satisfies the selection rule of C. N. Yang in 1949. After the publication of Bell inequality in 1964, discussions on whether Wu-Shaknov experiment can be exploited in testing the inequality inspired the progress of this field, and a new experiment was done by Wu’s group. In 1957, Lee, Oehme and Yang established the quantum mechanical formulation of the kaons, and discovered that neutral kaon is a two-state system. The following year，Goldhaber, Lee and Yang wrote down entangled states of a pair of kaons for the first time, in which each kaon is allowed to be charged or neutral, as the entanglement in internal degrees of high energy particles beyond photons written down for the first time. In 1960, as an unpublished work, Lee and Yang discussed an entangled state of a pair of neutral kaons. Such entangled kaons widely exist in meson factories later on. Several physicist are also introduced, especially Ward. Related Articles | Metrics

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Triplet Excited States in Organic Luminescent Materials Xiao Lei-Xin, Zhang Chun-Feng Progress in Physics    2020, 40 (2): 44-53.   Abstract （1802）      PDF （1765KB）（1196）       Organic luminescent materials are promising for next-generation flexible optoelectronics. Nonetheless, the luminescent efficiency in organic molecules is limited by a barrier between the singlet and triplet excited states. In this mini review, we focus on the strategies to overcome such limit by manipulating the dynamics of triplet excited states. By designing the electronic coupling between singlet and triplet excited states, the processes of hot intersystem crossing, reversal intersystem crossing and triplet state stabilization at different stages are successfully implemented to promote the light emission in the organic luminescent materials. The understanding of the mechanisms drives the development of thermally-activated delayed fluorescence and organic long-persistent luminescence, which are promising for the applications of organic light-emitting diodes, sensors and bioimaging. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gauge Field and Fiber Bundle：Its Contents, Methods, and Meanings  ZHAO Song-nian , LU Bo, CHEN Ken, HUANG Xu Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (1): 10-24.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.01.002 Abstract （1706）      PDF （708KB）（2831）       Related Articles | Metrics

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The Interface-like Films: A Review of 2D Organic Semiconducting Crystals Pei Meng-Jiao, Li Ya-Ting, Lu Kua-Kua, Zhang Bo-Rui, Wang Hang-Zhi, Li Yun, Shi Yi Progress in Physics    2021, 41 (1): 1-38.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2021.01.001 Abstract （1692）      PDF （48331KB）（1041）       Since the first discovery of conductive phenomena in polyacetylene, organic semiconductors (OSCs) with the conjugated structure are expected to show their broad prospects as the basic components in various advanced electronic devices in the coming post-silicon era. A large variety of functional OSCs can be obtained by low-cost and simple deposition techniques to exhibit remarkable mechanical flexibility. Hence, they have attracted abundant attention in both academia and industry for decades. Clarifying the structure-property relationship, probing the carrier transport behavior, and realizing high-performance optoelectronic devices with novel functions have been the cornerstones for the sustainable development of organic electronics. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) OSCs with highly ordered molecular packing and disorder-free structures can be remarkably regarded as the interface-like films, which potentially overcome the bottlenecks of traditional bulk materials. Specifically, OSCs provide an excellent platform for basic researches, and also act as the ideal materials for various emerging optoelectronics, which are promising to bring revolutionary breakthroughs to the micro/nano electronics. In this review article, the recent progresses in the deposition techniques, charge transport behaviors, functional applications, and perspectives with 2D OSCs are discussed. This review aims to provide guidance for the furtherance of fundamental studies, combining organic materials with advanced technologies to promote the development of organic electronics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Room-temperature stable two-dimensional ferroelectric materials: CuInS 2P 6 and heterostructures Wan Yi, Kan Er-jun Progress in Physics    2020, 40 (4): 107-128.   Abstract （1672）      PDF （35627KB）（934）       Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric materials offering a combination of semiconductor properties and non-volatile memory properties at the nanoscale, have recently shown great potentials for applications with enhanced integration in electronic and optoelectronic devices, energy harvesting, and electro-mechanical systems. The laminar structure of 2D ferroelectrics guarantees the atomic-layer cleavability, providing an ideal platform for exploring ferroelectricity at the ultrathin limit theoretically and experimentally. In consideration of the low-temperature bottleneck in burgeoning 2D magnetism, 2D ferroelectricity opens up the practical approaches at higher temperature. In this article, we reviewed a kind of laminar materials exhibiting room-temperature stable switchable ferroelectricity, copper indium thiophosphate (CuInP2S6), the potential of which to excavate new science and technology has awakened considerable research interest. The observed high Curie transition temperature, the significant piezoelectric responses, the giant negative piezoelectricity and tunable quadruplewell piezoelectricity, together with the potential of atomic-scale CuInP2S6 films for the novel ferroelectric polarization-based devices, are all demonstrated. A brief introduction about the other typical materials belonging to the transition metal thiophosphate (MIMIIIP2(S/Se)6) compounds family is also involved. The future directions for 2D ferroelectricity research are finally discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nonlinear Dynamics and Applications of Spin Hall Nano-Oscillators Liu Rong-Hua , Li Li-Yuan , Chen Li-Na , Zhou Kai-Yuan , Du You-Wei Progress in Physics    2020, 40 (6): 189-210.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2020.06.003 Abstract （1552）      PDF （3549KB）（2015）       Spin Hall nano oscillator (SHNO), a new type spintronic nano-device, can generate microwave signal and excite coherent spin waves due to spin current-driven magnetization precession and have strong potential for applications from data storage，rf communication, microwave generation to neuromorphic computing. In this review, we focus on the complex nonlinear dynamic characteristics of spin-wave modes generated by SHNOs in the various ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic (FM/NM) bilayer systems with an extended free layer. Based on the abundantly previous experimental results obtained by combining microwave spectroscopy and micro-focused Brillouin light scattering techniques, as well as micromagnetic simulation, we detailedly describe and summarize the experimental parameters dependent magnetic dynamics of SHNOs with different device configurations and magnetic materials, such as in-plane nanogap-type, nanoconstriction-type, nanowire-type, vertical nanocontact-type SHNOs with in-plane or out-of-plane magnetization. Finally, we also discuss mutual synchronization of SHNO arrays and the potential applications in magnon-based logic devices with ultralow energy consumption and spin-based artificial neural network for neuromorphic computing in the field of artificial intelligence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Types and Properties of Copper-Oxide Superconductors with Critical Temperatures Above 110 K TONG Shu-yun, CAI Chuan-bing Progress in Physics    2023, 43 (3): 68-83.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2023.03.002 Abstract （1493）      PDF （4571KB）（1410）       Oxide superconductor is one of the most important forms of unconventional superconductors, in which the transition temperatures of thallium series, mercury series and copper-carbon series superconductors can reach 110 K or above. High superconducting transition temperature and irreversible magnetic field in liquid nitrogen temperature region have attracted much attention. Obviously, the high superconducting critical temperature increases the choice of cooling medium for superconducting applications. Economical and practical coolants are expected to expand the application fields of these high superconducting transition temperature (Tc ) superconductors and increase the feasibility of long-term operation. In this paper, the development and superconducting properties of 110 K superconducting materials including thallium, mercury and copper-carbon superconductors are introduced and summarized, and the factors affecting the superconducting transition temperature are analyzed theoretically to qualitatively explain the reasons for the high Tc  of high temperature superconductors. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the differences of their irreversible fields, and the possible new applications of these high critical temperature superconductors are prospected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Femtosecond laser processing of lithium niobate crystal: principle and applications Zhou Chao, Ma Jia-Nan, Xu Xiao-Yi, Xu Chuan, Zhang Yong, Zhu Shi-Ning, Xiao Min Progress in Physics    2020, 40 (3): 69-83.   Abstract （1472）      PDF （5106KB）（1034）       Femtosecond (fs)-laser micromachining is an effective material processing method because of its ultrashort pulse width and extremely high peak intensity. Fs-laser micromachining technology has been widely used to process photonic integrated devices. Lithium niobate (LN) crystal is a common material in integrated and guided-wave optics because of its excellent electro-optic, nonlinear optical, and piezoelectric properties. This review describes fs-laser processing of LN crystal, mainly focusing on the physical principle of fs-laser processing and the recent advances of LN-based photonic devices. Fs-laser technology makes LN crystal a promising platform in the field of micro-nano photonics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Physics    2016, 36 (1): 21-33.   Abstract （1429）      PDF （3742KB）（1877）       Related Articles | Metrics

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Perovskite Solar Cells Stability Factors And Encapsulaiton For Performance Enhancement DAI Jiaqi, ZHANG Dong, WU Xiaoshan Progress in Physics    2024, 44 (1): 19-48.   DOI: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2024.01.003 Abstract （1287）      PDF （5083KB）（898）       Perovskite solar cells, which are considered the third generation of new concept solar cells, are known for their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, and flexible processing advantages, and have been rapidly development in recent years. its photoelectric conversion efficiency is gradually comparable to that of silicon cells and has been close to the level required for industrial applications. However, the main problem with the industrial application of perovskite solar cells is their stability. Researchers need to solve the biggest problem of how to maintain high efficiency for a long time in perovskite solar cells. Encapsulation is currently being widely studied as a solution to the external stability issue of perovskite solar cells. A good encapsulation can not only solve the stability problem of the device but also ensure the safety of the device and extend the service life. The stability of perovskite solar cells and the conditions for testing it are briefly described in this paper. In the end, the various encapsulation structures, techniques, and materials for perovskite solar cells are explained. The continuous advancement of encapsulation research will lead researchers to optimize and solve existing problems, leading to the eventual industrialization of perovskite solar cells on a large scale.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Weyl Semi-metals and Their Related Transport Properties Progress in Physics    2018, 38 (3): 101-131.   Abstract （1280）      PDF （19894KB）（912）       Analogue to graphene and topological insulators, Weyl semimetals become one of the focuses of the condensed matter research recently. Due to their unique gapless bulk states and Fermi arc surface states, Weyl semimetals manifest lots of exotic properties, such as chiral anomaly, chiral magnetic effect, weak anti-localization, chiral Landau-Level, negative magnetoresistance effect and etc. Since impurities and defects inevitably exist in real samples, the study of disorder effects in Weyl semimetals are necessary. In this paper, disorder induced phase transition in both type I and type II Weyl semimetals are reviewed and their global phase diagrams are obtained. These studies enrich the physical understanding of topological Anderson insulator and metal-insulator transition. We also review the influences of both long range and short range disorder on Weyl semimetals. Specially,we find the Boltzmann transport theory is not applicable in some cases. Then, the studies of Imbert-Fedorov shift in Weyl semimetal are reviewed. Finally, we give an explanation about the ultra-high carrier mobility ofWeyl semimetal by combination of wave packet scattering theory and Imbert-Fedorov shift. Related Articles | Metrics