本文系统梳理了太阳光驱动蒸发过程的热力学与动力学理论框架，旨在为该跨尺度、多物 理场耦合的光热蒸发过程提供一个系统的理论描述基础。首先，从热力学角度阐述了蒸发过程中 的相平衡条件、自由能结构及相图，涵盖了单组分流体和多组分混合物的气–液相平衡热力学描述。 其次，在动力学方面，重点围绕打破气–液相平衡的路径展开分析：一是通过改变气相热力学状态 (如降压) 驱动蒸发；二是通过改变液相热力学状态 (如界面局部加热) 驱动蒸发，后者是光热蒸发 的核心机制；三是在扩散主导的简化框架下，介绍了基于气相或液相扩散并结合移动边界条件的 动力学理论。进一步，结合光热蒸发的实验研究，重点探讨了几何约束 (特别是纳米受限效应) 对 蒸发行为与能量传输路径的影响，并综述了受限体系下 (如二维水路、多孔结构) 的工程应用策略 与性能评估方法。最后，对当前理论瓶颈和未来发展方向进行了展望。本文通过整合热力学平衡 分析与动力学演化机制，试图为理解与设计高效、稳定的太阳能驱动蒸发系统提供理论参考。 

This paper systematically reviews the thermodynamic and kinetic theoretical framework for solar-driven evaporation processes, aiming to provide a systematic theoretical foundation for this multiscale, multiphysics-coupled photo-thermal evaporation phenomenon. First, from a thermodynamic perspective, it elaborates on the phase equilibrium conditions, free energy structure, and phase diagram representations involved in evaporation, covering vaporliquid phase equilibrium descriptions for both single-component fluids and multicomponent mixtures. Second, from a kinetic viewpoint, the analysis focuses on pathways to break vaporliquid phase equilibrium: one involves driving evaporation by altering the thermodynamic state of the gas phase (e.g., pressure reduction); another involves driving evaporation by modifying the thermodynamic state of the liquid phase (e.g., localized interfacial heating), which is the core mechanism of photothermal evaporation; and the third introduces kinetic theories based on gas- or liquid-phase diffusion combined with moving boundary conditions under a simplified diffusion-dominated framework. Furthermore, the paper integrates experimental studies on photothermal evaporation to examine the influence of geometric constraints-particularly nanoconfinement effects-on evaporation behavior and energy transport pathways, and reviews engineering application strategies and performance evaluation methods in confined systems, such as two-dimensional water pathways and porous structures. Finally, it outlines current theoretical bottlenecks and future research directions. By integrating thermodynamic equilibrium analysis with kinetic evolution mechanisms, this paper attempts to offer theoretical insights for understanding and designing efficient and stable solar-driven evaporation systems.