回音壁模式 (whispering gallery mode，WGM) 微腔激光器凭借其较小的模式体积、超高 Q 值和低阈值等优势，在多个研究领域获得广泛重视。但 WGM 微腔激光器因存在较差的激光 方向性，导致发射角度难以控制，同时可能会伴随多纵模激光辐射现象，这些缺陷显著制约了其 在实际中的应用。本文系统梳理了回音壁激光定向发射调控领域的研究动态，重点探讨了变形微 腔设计、散射体与缺陷辅助、耦合微腔系统、光栅诱导以及宇称–时间对称性破缺四类核心调控机 制，通过深入解析其作用机理，并前瞻性地预测该领域技的术演进趋势，旨在为相关领域的科研 工作者提供理论支撑，推动回音壁激光器定向发射机制的技术革新。

Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) microcavity lasers have gained widespread attention in multiple research fields due to their advantages of small mode volume, ultrahigh Q value, and low threshold. However, WGM microcavity lasers suffer from poor laser directionality, making the emission angle difficult to control. They may also be accompanied by multi-longitudinal-mode laser radiation, which significantly limits their practical applications. This paper systematically reviews the research dynamics in the field of WGM laser directional emission control. It focuses on four core control mechanisms: deformed microcavity design, scattering bodies and defect assistance, coupled microcavity systems, grating induction, and PT symmetry breaking. By deeply analyzing their working principles and making forward-looking predictions about the technological evolution trends in this field, this paper aims to provide theoretical support for researchers in related fields and promote the technological innovation of WGM laser directional emission mechanisms.