卤化物钙钛矿材料因其在光电转换效率上的显著优势而成为新能源领域的研究热点，而三 维 (3D)/二维 (2D) 钙钛矿异质结更因其独特的能带结构和灵活可调控的载流子行为的优势而备 受关注。本文聚焦 3D/2D 卤化物钙钛矿异质结的可控制备及性能优化的研究领域，首先综述了 3D/2D 钙钛矿异质结的概念、优势及常规制备方法，包括固–液后旋涂法、固–气气相沉积法以 及固–固反应等常规制备方法；然后探讨了通过界面工程、材料工程和器件结构优化等策略来提升 3D/2D 钙钛矿异质结性能的有效方法；接下来，概述并评估了 3D/2D 异质结在太阳能电池和光 电探测器领域的最新研究应用进展；最后，我们讨论了 3D/2D 钙钛矿异质结当前面临的稳定性 和环境适应性等挑战，并系统展望了 3D/2D 钙钛矿异质结研究的未来发展趋势，旨在为实现其 在光电领域的广泛应用提供可行性思路和优化方案。 

Halide perovskite materials have emerged as a research hotspot in new energy technologies due to their remarkable advantages in photoelectric conversion efficiency, while three-dimensional (3D)/two-dimensional (2D) perovskite heterojunctions have attracted particular attention owing to their unique band structures and flexible regulation capabilities for carrier behavior. This review focuses on the controllable preparation and performance optimization of 3D/2D halide perovskite heterojunctions. It first summarizes the concept, advantages, and conventional preparation methods of 3D/2D perovskite heterojunctions, including solid-liquid post-spin-coating methods, solid-gas vapor deposition approaches, and solidsolid reaction techniques. Subsequently, effective strategies for enhancing the performance of 3D/2D perovskite heterojunctions through interface engineering, material engineering, and device structure optimization are systematically explored. The review then comprehensively summarizes and evaluates recent research progress in the application of 3D/2D heterojunctions in solar cells and photodetectors. Finally, current challenges regarding the stability and environmental adaptability of 3D/2D perovskite heterojunctions are discussed, along with systematic perspectives on future development trends in this research field. This work aims to provide feasible ideas and optimization schemes for realizing the widespread application of 3D/2D perovskite heterojunctions in photoelectric fields.