细胞刚度的测量在生物学、医学和材料科学等多个领域具有重要意义。为理解细胞的生物 力学性质及其功能，本文首先探讨了测量细胞刚度的重要应用领域，包括组织工程、软骨病诊断、 癌症诊断以及药物的开发，其次详细介绍了五种主要的测量技术：微柱阵列 (MTFM) 法、光镊 (OT) 法、磁镊 (MT) 法、原子力显微镜 (AFM) 测量法、生物膜力探针 (BFP) 测量法，并展望 了这五种技术在现实应用中的潜力及挑战。AFM 以其纳米级的空间分辨率和皮牛顿级别的力分 辨率，已成为细胞力学测量领域中一个强大和独特的工具。因此，本综述重点介绍了 AFM 技术 及其相关计算模型–微球–细胞接触的赫兹模型在此领域的应用及其重要性，并进一步详细阐述了 各类现有 AFM 仪器的种类与特点，以及它们在细胞力学测量中的应用性能。 

The measurement of cell stiffness is of great significance in many fields such as biology, medicine and materials science. In order to understand the biomechanical properties and functions of cells, this review first discusses the important application fields of measuring cell stiffness, including tissue engineering, cartilage disease diagnosis, cancer diagnosis and drug development. Secondly, five major measurement techniques are introduced in detail: micro-pillar array method, optical tweezers method, magnetic tweezers method, atomic force microscopy measurement method (AFM), biomembrane force probe measurement method, and the potential and challenges of these five technologies in practical applications are prospected. With its nanometer-level spatial resolution and piconewton-level force resolution, AFM has become a powerful and unique tool in the field of cell mechanics measurement. Therefore, this review focuses on the application and importance of AFM technology and its related computational model, the Hertz model of microsphere-cell contact, in this field, and further elaborates on the types and characteristics of various existing AFM instruments, as well as their application performance in cell mechanics measurement