实现室温超导一直是人们长期追寻的梦想，寻找和合成出具有室温超导性的新材料已成为 凝聚态物理学家和材料物理学家的“圣杯”。近年来，随着理论和实验相继发现超导临界温度高于 200 K 的 H₃S 和 LaH₁₀，氢基超导体已逐渐成为实现室温超导的最佳候选，成为物理学、材料科 学等多学科研究的热点领域之一。在本文中，我们将概述超导材料的发展历史和几种典型超导材 料，重点介绍当前高压下氢基超导体的研究进展及面临的挑战，详细讨论中低压力范围氢基高温 超导体的设计思路，展望氢基超导体在低压甚至常压下实现高温乃至室温的可能性。

Achieving room temperature superconductivity has always been the dream of mankind pursuing for a long time. Finding and synthesizing new materials with room temperature superconductivity is the ”Holy Grail” of condensed matter physics. Since the theoretical and experimental discovery of H₃S and LaH₁₀ with high superconducting critical temperature above 200 K, the hydrogen-based superconductors became the best candidate for achieving room temperature superconductivity, which is also one of the hot areas of multi-disciplinary research in physics, materials science etc. In this work, we outline the development history of superconductors, introduce several typical superconducting materials, focus on the current progress and challenges of hydrogen based superconductors under high pressures, discuss the design ideas of hydrogen based high-temperature superconductors in the middle and low pressure range, and look forward to the possibility of hydrogen-based superconductors with high critical temperature and even room temperature under low pressure or ambient pressure.