关键词: 热超构材料；隐身斗篷；聚集器；旋转器；二极管；伪装；透明；恒温器；热晶体；辐 射制冷

Abstract: How to freely control heat transfer at macroscopic scale is always a dream of human beings due to important applications in thermal protection, detection, and control/management. Within the past decade (2008-2018), thermal metamaterials have been shown as a promising candidate for this purpose. Here, I review the up-to-date research progress in the field, which mainly includes the following novel phenomena and functional devices together with initial applications: thermal cloak, concentrator, dual function, thermal rotator, macroscopic thermal diode, thermal camouflage, thermal transparency, thermal crystal, energy-free thermostat, abnormal conduction in networks, convection cloak/concentrator/camouflage, and thermal radiation cooling. The underlying mechanisms are presented according to six categories of theory: transformation thermotics, direct solution of Laplace equation, energy band theory, phase transition theory, transformation thermal convection, and thermal radiation theory. I also introduce and comment their prospects from fundamental research to industrial applications. This review has relevance to novel controls of heat transfer (conduction, convection, and radiation) by using artificial structures or devices.

Key words: thermal metamaterial; cloak; concentrator; rotator; diode; camouflage; transparency; thermostat; thermocrystal; radiative cooling