物理学进展

物理学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 151-159.doi: 10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2025.03.004

• • 上一篇    

实验室天体物理中磁场的测量方法 

施川奇 1, 2, 3，袁大伟 2, 4，赵 刚 2   

  1. 1. 西藏大学理学院，拉萨 850000 2. 中国科学院国家天文台光学天文重点实验室，北京 100012 3. 中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院，北京 101408 4. 北京师范大学天文与天体物理前沿科学研究所，北京 102206
  • 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-21
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划 (No. 2022YFA1603200、 No. 2022YFA1603204)、中国科学院青年交叉学科团 队 (JCTD-2022-05)、中国科学院青年创新促进会、国 家自然科学基金 (No. 12473099、No. 11873061)、中国 科学院战略性先导科技专项 (No. XDA25030500、No. XDA25010100、No. XDA25030200) 

Measurement methods of magnetic fields in laboratory astrophysics

SHI Chuanqi 1, 2, 3, YUAN Dawei 2, 4 , ZHAO Gang 2   

  1. 1. College of science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China 2. Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China 3. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China 4. Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, China
  • Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-21

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摘要：

磁场在天体中是普遍存在的，如地球、太阳、超新星遗迹、星云、巨星、中子星和黑洞等。但 是目前天体磁场还存在许多的未解之谜，例如种子磁场是如何产生的？磁场是如何被放大的？随 着高功率、大能量激光装置的出现，实验室天体物理为研究这些问题提供了一种全新的方法，即 在实验室产生和天体或周围环境类似的极端物理条件，对天体物理问题进行实验室研究，它具有 近距、主动、条件可控和可重复性等优点。在相似定标率下，利用实验室激光等离子体可以研究 天体中磁场的起源与放大问题。目前实验室研究中，常用的磁场测量方法包括磁探针、磁带、塞 曼效应、法拉第旋光和质子成像等，熟悉并掌握这些方法的原理和特点有助于在实验中选择合适 的方法进行磁场测量。 

关键词: 实验室天体物理, 磁场测量方法, 天体磁场, 等离子体

Abstract:

Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the universe, such as Earth, Sun, supernova remnants, nebulae, giants, neutron stars, black holes and so on. Despite their widespread presence, there remain numerous unanswered questions about astronomical magnetic fields. For instance, how are initial magnetic fields generated? How do magnetic fields undergo amplification? With the advent of high-power, high-energy laser facilities, laboratory astrophysics provides a new method to the study of astrophysical problems in a controlled laboratory setting, where researchers recreate extreme physical conditions similar to those found in astrophysical objects or their surroundings. The benefits of this method include the short distance, activity, controlled condition and reproducibility. Under the scaling laws, laboratory plasmas can study the origin and amplification of astrophysical magnetic fields. Various measurement techniques are employed in current laboratory studies to assess magnetic fields, including magnetic probes, magnetic tapes, Zeeman effect, Faraday rotation, and proton radiography. Understanding the principles and characteristics of these diagnostic methods is essential in selecting the appropriate method for measuring magnetic fields in experiments. 

Key words: laboratory astrophysics, magnetic field measurement methods, astronomical magnetic fields, plasma 

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